NEW ZEALAND 



5728 



NEW ZEALAND 



these is a lowland terminating in 

 the N.W. in Cape Maria van 

 Diemen, the second is mountain- 

 ous and reaches Cook Strait. None 

 of the mountain ranges is related 

 to the Southern Alps ; the Euahine 

 and Tararua ranges of the S.E. 

 peninsula are, however, related to 

 the Kaikouras ranges in the N.E. 

 of S. Island. 



The Rotorua dist. is world-fam- 

 ous for its hot springs, geysers, and 

 sinter terraces. Of the volcanoes, 

 snow-capped Ruapehu, 9,175 ft., 

 has at its summit a crater lake of 

 warm water, which boils and is 

 heaved into the air and splashes 

 the surrounding ice cliffs ; Ngauru- 

 hoe, 7,515 ft., and Tongariro, 

 6,140 ft., are quiescent ; Mt. 

 Egmont, 8,260 ft., is extinct ; 

 Whakaari, White Island, in the 

 Bay of Plenty, is active. In S. 

 Island the only evidence of the 

 earth's interior heat is provided by 

 hot springs, which occasionally 

 bubble into icy cold water flowing 

 away from a glacier snout. Lakes 

 Taupo, 238 sq. m. in extent, and 

 Rotorua in N. Island differ in 

 character from Wakatipu, 114 sq. 

 m., Te Anau, 132 sq. m., and the 

 smaller alpine lakes of S. Island. 

 Of the S. glaciers Tasman, 18 m. 

 long, is reputed to be the largest 



NEW ZEALAND 



English Miles 



20 40 60 80 100 IZO 140 160 



" Railways 



New Zealand. Map of the British Dominion in the South Pacific, S.E. oi' 

 Australia, with a total area oi 106,240 sq. miles 



glacier outside the Polar regions ; 

 Murchison, 11 m. long, is next in 

 size. The Waikato and Wanganui 

 in N.I., and Clutha, Buller, and 

 Grey in S.I. are the chief rivers. 



The climate is equable and pro- 

 vides probably the best example hi 

 the world of the insular type ; 

 N.I. is warmer than S.I. The 



which cannot fly, keas, cor- 

 morants, and penguins ; lizards, 

 butterflies, and moths. Europeans 

 introduced the farm and domestic 

 animals ; deer, trout, pheasants, 

 and quail ; rabbits, stoats, and 

 weasels, which became a scourge. 



The flora is essentially of the 

 forest type ; the tree ferns of 

 Westland grow hi great profusion ; 

 the kauri of the N., the rimu, and 

 similar trees are due to the heavy 

 rains ; the beeches of S.I. are a 

 mountain type ; New Zealand flax 

 or phormium is a characteristic 

 swamp growth. The only native 

 grasses are tussock grasses; the 

 turf grasses have all been intro- 

 duced, mainly from English seed. 



The dominant industry is sheep- 

 rearing : parts of N.I. in the 

 Wellington peninsula have more 

 sheep per sq. m. than any equiva- 

 lent area in the world ; this in- 



rains are sufficient; hi N.I. they dustry was a comparative failure 

 exceed 35 his. everywhere, in S.I. when the wool was the only saleable 

 the W. coast is very wet, over 100 product ; New Zealanders were the 

 his. annually at Hokitika, and the pioneers in refrigerated steamships, 

 E. plains are dry, the Canterbury and Canterbury lamb entered into 

 Plains having less than 30 ins. the meat trade of the world. 

 The indigenous animals include ' Dairy farming, mainly for the 

 two kinds of bat, the only land production of butter and cheese, 

 mammals ; kiwis and other birds is of growing importance. Crops of 



