NICAEA 



Nicaea, < '-M M-M m. ' 



ruiiiiril of tin- Church It ni'-t 

 .lime l!i, :V2~>, l*-inu' convened by 

 utine tn settle the Arian 

 controversy, di-ii-i mine the correct 

 date fur the observance of Easter, 



mill consider dt her ipiest iuim. Arius 

 att'-nded tn defend his teaching. 



While till- Olthodnx pail'. 



championed by Atlmnu.sius. The 

 council formulated tin- nucleus of 

 the Nieene Creed. The teaching of 

 A; in- was condemned, and 14 of 

 his 17 supporters submitted. The 

 date of Easter waa fixed for the 

 next Sunday after the first full 

 moon following March 21. At in* 

 was banished to Illyria by Constan- 

 tine, and his adherents were exiled. 

 See Arianusm ; Athanasius. 



Nicaragua. Central American 

 republic. It lies between the 

 Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean 

 Sea and between 

 Costa Rica on the 

 S. and Salvador 

 and Honduras on 

 the N. The E. 

 coast, of which 

 the N. section is 

 known as the Mos- 

 quito Coast, is 

 backed by an al- 



Nicaragua arms 



luvial plain, beyond which lie the 

 central mts., which rise to 7,000 ft. 

 From the Gulf of Fonseca on the 

 N.W. coast a depression extends 

 S.E. across the state, comprising 

 the basins of Lakes Managua and 

 Nicaragua and the valley of the 

 San Juan river. This is a volcanic 

 area, Ometepe being an active 

 volcano ; Coseguina erupted in 

 1835. Between the lakes and 

 the Pacific Coast is a range of low 

 mts., the chief centre of volcanic 

 activity in the country. The E. is 

 peopled by Indians and negroes 

 from the West Indies, the W. by 

 Spaniards, Indians, and people of 

 mixed Spanish and Indian origin. 

 The E. produces bananas, coconuts, 

 and pineapples, the W. coffee, 

 sugar-cane, cocoa. The E. imports 

 its food from U.S.A., the W. ] 'in- 

 duces its own and in addition is 

 able to export a surplus to neigh- 

 bouring republics. 



Extensive forests yield mahog- 

 any, cedar, gums, and medicinal 

 plants. Over a million cattle pro- 

 vide hides for export. Gold and 

 silver are mined ; copper, tin, and 

 zinc are known to occur. Managua 

 is the capital ; the W. ports Corinto 

 and San Juan del Sur do more than 

 two-thirds of the trade; the E. ports 

 Bluefields, Pearl Lagoon, and Grey- 

 town are mainly interested in the 

 fruit trade with U.S.A. The rly. runs 

 hi la i id from the seaport of Corinto. 



Gil Gonzalez reached the Pacific 

 Toast in 1522. Since it became a 

 republic, freed from Spanish autho- 



5733 



Nicaragua >ian hud a tn.ul.l--d 



':< present < -.tit uh .n 



date* i.n 1\ II-.IM l'H:.' 

 si). 111. Pop. 750,000. 

 America; N.V. ; consult al- 



Key to the Pacific, A. R. Colqu- 



hniin. ISI.", ; Central Am- 

 I'almer, HMO. 



Nicaragua. I<akc nf i 



Ameriea. It lies in the S.W. nf 

 i.'u.-i, its S. end bordering on 

 Costa Rica, and is separated bom 

 the Pacific by a narrow isthmus. 

 Oval in outline, it measures 110 in. 

 by 45 m., and ha* an area of about 

 2,900 sq. m. The depth varies 

 I.etueen 15 ft. and 250 ft. It 

 receives the surplus waters of 

 Lake Managua at its N. end, and 

 discharges its own through the 

 San Juan into the Caribbean Sea. 

 Surveys have proved that it 

 waa once continuous with Lake 

 Managua and discharged into the 

 Pacific. It contains numerous 

 islands, the largest of which are 

 Zapatera, which rises to over 

 2,000 ft., Ometepe, which is in- 

 habited by Indians engaged in the 

 raising of cattle and cultivation of 

 maize, and Madera, which is con- 



NICC 



In the nooeeding 20 yean 



ditlieulticH wjth (.r.-at Britain 

 concerning t i . round th<- 



in-. nth <>f the Han Juan river, and 

 political disturbance* in Central 

 America, prevented progreM, al- 

 though in 1876 three American 

 commiMionera declared for tin- 

 Nicaragua Canal In 1879 an 

 international congrew at Parw 

 l.-'-idi-d on the Panama route. 



Between 1805-1901 two Ameri- 

 can commuwionu examined the pro- 

 posed route and reported favour- 

 ably : the second commission, how- 

 ever, issued a supplementary report 

 in 1902 recommending the U.S.A. 

 to accept the offer of the reorga- 

 nized Panama Canal Co. to sell 

 it* property for 8,000,000. The 

 Panama Canal was subsequently 

 built, but the U.S.A. purchased 

 for 600,000 the canal route. Corn 

 Island on the Caribbean coast, 

 and a naval base in the Gulf of 

 Fonseca. See Central America ; 

 Panama Canal; Ship Canal. 



Nicarao OR NIQUIRAN. American 

 Indian tribe of advanced culture in 

 Central America at the time of the 

 Spanish conquest. Of Aztec speech. 



neeted with Ometepe by a strip of they established tribal communi- 



land covered at high water. There 

 are also groups of volcanic islets. 

 Sculptured stones, massive idols, 

 and other antiquities have been dis- 

 covered on its shores. Water fowl 

 and alligators abound. Granada 

 (q.v.) at the N.W. corner is the 

 principal town on the lake. 



Nicaragua Canal. Proposed 

 ship canal between the Caribbean 

 Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The 



NICARAGUA 

 CANAL 



English Miles 



Nicaragua Canal. Map showing the course of the proposed 

 canal between the Caribbean Sea and the Pacific Ocean 



ties between Lake Nicaragua and 

 the Pacific coast, as well as on the 

 lake islands. Remoter offshoots 

 reached the Nicoya peninsula and 

 the W. end of the Chiriqui lagoon. 

 They introduced- human sacrifices 

 and certain forms of Mexican cul- 

 ture into Nicaragua and are reputed 

 to have kept registers of property. 

 Nice. City and pleasure resort of 

 the Riviera, France. It stands on 

 the Baie des 

 Anges, an opening 

 of the Mediter- 

 ranean, at the 

 mouth of the 

 Paillon and in the 

 dept . of A 1 p e s 

 Maritimes. It is 

 740 m. by rly. 

 from Paris, 100 m. 

 from Marseilles, 

 and is noted for 

 the wonderful eli- 

 ma to and beautiful 

 surroundings. 



Nice consists of 

 an old town with 



great natural depression of Nicar- 

 agua occupied by the lakes of Nica- 

 ragua and Managua and the valley 

 of t lu> San Juan river suggested the 

 facility with which a ship canal 

 could be constructed. The acqui- 

 sition of California and a Pacific 

 coast-line by the U.S.A. made the 

 question of a trans-isthmian canal 

 a matter of moment to America, 

 and in 1849 an American company palace, palais de 

 obtained a concession, which lapsed justice, a munici- 

 in 1856, from the Nicaraguan pal casino, and nui- 

 government. scums. In normal 



narrow streets on the left of the 

 Paillon, and modern suburbs on the 

 right It has fine squares, boule- 

 vards, and bridges across the river. 

 In addition to 

 its cathedral, and 

 many other 

 churches, there 

 are the prefecture, 

 once the royal 



Nice arms 



