NICHOLAS II 



5735 



NICHOLSON 



Nicholas H (1808-1918). Tsar 

 f llusaia. He WM born May 18, 

 the oldest son of Alexander 

 III and the 

 Danish prin- 

 cess. l)iii.'in:ir 



rovna). After 

 an i ilucation 

 in modern 



.iinl 



under 



General 

 Dunielovitch, 

 he became, 

 1889, a lieutenant in a guards regi- 

 ini-iii. Succeeding to the tsardom 

 Nov. 1, 1894, he on Nov. 26 

 married Princess Alix of Hesse, 

 who embraced the Orthodox 

 Church and took the name of 

 Alexandra Feodorovna. Nicholas 

 was crowned at Moscow, May, 1896. 

 When the revolution broke out 

 in Russia, early in 1917, Nicholas 

 was forced to abdicate, March 15, 

 1917. He then retired to his estate 

 in the Crimea, but was later arrested 

 and imprisoned at Tsarskoye, at 

 Tobolsk, and finally at Ekaterin- 

 burg in the Urals, where, after some 

 months of acute privation and dis- 

 tress, he was ruthlessly assassinated, 

 \\itli the tsaritsa, the tsarevitch, 

 and other members of the imperial 

 family, July 16, 1918, by the Bol- 

 shevist commissary Yurovsky. See 

 Ekaterinburg ; Russia : consult 

 also The Last of the Romanoffs, 

 C. Rivett, 1918; The Last Days of 

 the Romanoffs, R. Wilton, 1920. ' 

 Nicholas (1841-1921). King ot 

 Montenegro. Born Sept. 25, 1841, 

 he was the son of Mirko Petrovich, 

 and the nephew 

 of D a n i 1 o, 

 prince of Mon- 

 tenegro, then 

 part of the 

 Turkish em- 

 pire. Educated 

 mainly in 

 Paris, in Aug., 

 1860, he suc- 

 ceeded the 

 murdered 

 Danilo as prince, and he was still 

 reigning when the Great War broke 

 out in 1914. The independence of 

 his country was recognized in 1878, 

 and in 1910 he took the title of 

 king. In 1916, having joined the 

 Great War on the side of Serbia, 

 he was driven out and took refuge 

 in France. He resigned his rights to 

 Montenegro, and died at Antibes, 

 March 1, 1921. See Montenegro. 



Nicholas (b. 1856). Russian 

 grand duke and soldier. The son of 

 the grand duke Nicholas, and second 

 cousin of Tsar Nicholas II he was 

 born nt St. Petersburg, Nov. 6, 

 1 856. Educated at the Nikolaieffsky 

 Academy, he entered the army as 



Nicholas, King of 

 Montenegro 



Nicholas, Russian 

 Krand duke 



an officer of cavalry. On the out- 

 break of the Great War Nicholas 

 II made him Commander-in-chief 

 of the RuMian 

 :u mica, and it 

 was under him 

 that the opera- 

 t i o n B against 

 the A u a t r o - 

 German* were 

 '<>M<luctcd until 

 Sept., 1915. 

 The grand duke 

 was made 

 viceroy of Cau- 

 casia, and then appointed to the 

 command in the Caucasus. Hia 

 campaign resulted in the conquest 

 of Turkish Armenia. During the 

 Russian Revolution he was de- 

 prived of his command, and sent to 

 Yalta, in the Crimea, on March 28, 

 1917, where he waa virtually a 

 prisoner, but in April, 1919, was 

 able to go to Italy. 



Nicholas Nickleby. Charles 

 Dickens's second novel, published 

 in monthly parts, April, 1838- 

 Oct , 1839, with illustrations by 

 Phiz. Designed to expose the 

 " monstrous neglect " of educa- 

 tion and the crying evils of the 

 cheap boarding-schools for boys 

 in England, 

 the book con- 

 tains some 

 of Dickens's 

 best known 

 creations 

 Wackford 

 ^queers, master 

 'of Dotheboys 

 Hall; Smike,the 

 ill - treated 

 drudge ; the 

 Cheeryble 

 Brothers, bene- 

 factors of Nicho- 

 las; Vincent 

 Crummies, the 

 itinerant theatri- 

 cal manager, and 

 his family ; and 



printers to Parliament, and in 1800 

 was master of the Stationers' Com- 

 pany. ; .vork was the pub- 

 lication of county histories. Fellow 

 < >f t >.< Linnean Society, 1812, Mid of 

 the Society of Antiquaries, 1818, 

 he died at Eating, Oct. 19, 1863. 



Nicholson, .I-.HN flM>l-57). 

 liritixh soldier and administrator. 

 Born in Ireland, Dec. 11, 1821, be 

 WM the son of 

 a medical 

 man, and WM 

 educated at 

 Dungannon. 

 He entered the 

 service of the 

 K. India Co. 

 in ls:5!, and 

 in 1841 was 

 taken prise ner 

 by the Af- 

 ghans, but he soon escaped, and in 

 16 he served against the 

 Sikhs, as he did when the war broke 

 out again in 1848. Appointed a 

 deputy commissioner in the Punjab 

 after its annexation, Nicholson 

 proved himself an administrator of 

 extraordinary gifts, exerting such a 

 marked influence over the natives 

 that he was worshipped by a 

 brotherhood of fakirs. 



John Nicholson, 

 Bntisb soldier 



Nicholas Nickleby stops Sqneers's bullying and gives the 



brutal schoolmaster a taste of his own cane. From 



the drawing by Fred Barnard 



Mr. and Mrs. Mantalini. The novel 

 was dramatised by E. Stirling, 

 1838, and A. Halliday, 1875. See 

 MantalinL 



Nichols, JOHN BOWYER (1779- 

 1863). British printer and anti- 

 quary. Son of John Nichols the 

 printer (1745- 



don, July 15, 

 1771, and edu- 

 cated at S. 

 Paul's School, 

 in 1796 enter- 

 ing his father's 

 business. Long 

 associated 

 with The 



Gentleman's Magazine, he waa pro- 

 prietor, 1834-56. Ho was one of the 



J. B. Nichols, 

 British printer 



Mlrr 8. Laurmcr 



When the mutiny broke out in 

 1857, he checked the movement in 

 his own district, and then took 

 command of a movable column 

 and advanced to Delhi. Marching 

 at a tremendous pace, he destroyed 

 on the way a body of rebels near 

 __ ,_. Gurdaspur, and then reached the 



1826), he was besieged city. On Sept. 14. when 

 born in Lon- leading the storming party, he was 

 mortally wounded, and he died 

 Sept 23, 1857. In the Punjab his 

 fearlessness and justice were a con- 

 stant source of wonder, and the 

 impression he made on his contem- 

 poraries was summed up by Lord 

 Roberts, who said that Nicholson 

 impressed him more powerfully 

 than any man he had ever met. 

 See Indian Mutiny : consult also 

 Ufe, L. J. Trotter, 1904. 



