NILGIRI 



Nilgiri UK Ni.in.in 1.1 \ HIM s 

 Hill langr nf t ho Deccan, In-l.i 

 'I'lir Hlue Mto., K<> culli-tl finiii MI.- 

 iiM-i-Iriii-in^ haze whirl 



lulls when seen from the 

 fonn a knot <>f hrjli uniuwl, 

 .ui li.iMX) ft., at the juiK-u.Mi <>f 1 1,.- 

 E, and W. Ghate. To the S. the 

 I'nliihut Gap separates the sharp 

 lopes from tin- S. cuiitimmtii.ti 

 tii.- \V i J hats; to the N. the 

 Wynaad tableland stretches to 

 Mysore. The high ground consults 

 almost entirely of open, grassy 

 " downs," separated by forested 

 glades, from which rise the peaks. 

 Dodabetta, 8,7(30 ft., is the cul- 

 iiiiiiatiiiu |n>iiit. while close l.i it 

 Bbowdoo, Klk Hill mid Club Hill, 

 all higher than 8,000 ft., are on the 

 edge of an amphitheatre within 

 \vliichliesOotacamund. The eleva- 

 tion modifies the climate, so that 

 the NilgirLs are a hot- weather resort 

 for European*. Cinchona, jalap, 

 ipecacuanha, and coffee are grown 

 upon numerous plantations. (>f tin- 

 natives the Todas are pastoralists, 

 the Badagas tillers of the soil ; 

 primitive Kurumbas and Irulas 

 live in jungles on the forested 

 slopes. 



Nilgiris. Dist. of Madras Pre- 

 sidency, India, comprising almost 

 entirely the area of the Nilgiri 

 Hills. Only about one-tenth of the 

 total area is tilled, chiefly for 

 native food grains and plantation 

 products, coconuts, etc. Its area 

 is 1,009 sq. m. Pop. 118,600. 



Nilometer. Instrument or 

 gauge for measuring the height of 

 the annual floods of the Nile. 

 There are many nilometers, and 

 their number indicates the import- 

 ance of the flood water to an almost 

 rainless country like Egypt. 



Nilotic. Term denoting the E. 

 division of the true negro race. 

 Wholly within British control, 

 they occupy the valleys and marsh- 

 lands of the upper Nile basin, to 

 which they became confined by 

 the pressure of pastoral tribes 

 of Hamitic stock. Tall, slim, 

 narrow-headed, and the darkest of 

 all negroes, they are distinguish- 

 able from the W or Nigritic divi- 

 sion by their more retreating fore- 

 heads and longer legs. Mostly un- 

 clad, their personal ornaments 

 include metal and ivory armlets, 

 ostrich shell beads, and lip plugs ; 

 most tribes also extract the lower 

 incisors. They practise cattle- 

 breeding and agriculture, and sub- 

 sist largely on milk and fish. Their 

 round huts, with conical or domed 

 roofs, are sometimes supplemented 

 by bachelor-huts on tall posts and 

 by pile granaries. They use clubs, 

 socketed spears, bows, and some- 

 times wrist-knives, with wood or 

 hide shields. 



_ 8747 _ 



The principal tribe* arc tho 



Shilluk. Dmka, Nuer, A< l,..li, 



Kavirondo Jaluo, liari, I*tuka. 



Ldngo, Nandi, Kuk, and Turkana. 



southernmost represent* 



lives, the Maaai. exhibit tne f ull.-*t 



D * II unit iu blood and 



culture. Srt Negro. 



Nilsson,' 1843-1021). 



Swedish vi. 



Ve\|... Sweden. Aug. 20, 184.'{, sin- 

 stud icd in 

 Mmlm and 

 Pari*, where 

 she made her 

 < Id, nt in 1864. 

 Three years 

 later she visited 

 England, sing- 

 ing with great 

 success in opera 

 and oratorio. 

 She toured in 

 Europe and America and 

 in is'.il, shortly after her marriage 

 She died Nov. 22. 1921. 



Nina (Azadirachla indica). Tree 

 of the natural order Meliaccae, also 

 called neem, margosa, or bead-tree. 

 A native of India, it has leaves 

 divided into numerous oval leaflets 

 with toothed edges, and branching 

 panicles of small bluish flowers, 

 succeeded by olive-like purple 

 fruits, each containing a single seed. 



The latter has a natural per- 

 foration, which causes it to be used 

 in the construction of rosaries, and 

 on this account Roman Catholics 

 call the tree Arbor Sancta. The 

 timber is useful for building, and 

 the bark affords a tonic, whilst the 

 roots are used as a vermifuge and 

 the fresh leaves as a natural poul- 

 tice for glandular swellings and in 

 rheumatism. Dried leaves inserted 

 between the leaves of books, etc., 



Christine Nilsson. 

 Swediih focilist 



Milometer on the island of Rods 

 new Cairo 



from iMc* />. Jtotorl*. K.A. 



NIMCS 



repel Hut atuwk* of destroying in- 

 ecu of all kind*. The same useful 

 |.ro|M-rty resides in the week, 

 Mlic h are powdered M MI insect- 

 poison, ana dissolved in water M a 

 hsir-wssh. The fruit yield* the 

 medicinal margosa oil, which terras 

 aUo at a dye for cotton goods. 



Nimach OR NKKMI < n. Town of 

 India, in Gwalior. It M a 

 military station near the border of 

 Rajputana on the rly. midway be- 

 tween Indore and Ajmer Merwara. 

 Pop. 12,000. 



Nimbus (Lat, a cloud, divine 

 effulgence). In art, the halo en- 

 circling the head of a holy person- 

 age. It occurs in Egyptian, Bud- 

 'Ihixt, and Greco- Roman art, from 

 the last of which it was probably 

 adopted b Christian painters and 

 sculptors in the 6th century. See 

 Aureole ; Halo. 



Nlmes. City of France, capital 

 of the dept. of Gard. It is situated 

 in a fertile plain W. of the Rhone 

 and E. of the 

 Cevennes Mt*., 25 

 m. N. of the Medi- 

 terranean and 174 

 m. from Lyons. 

 Apart from the 

 Koman remains 

 the chief buildings 

 are the cathedral 

 of S. Castor, the nie armj 

 churches of S. Baudile and S. Paul, 

 the citadel, dating from the 17th 

 century, and the several museums. 

 A former Jesuit college houses 

 one collection and also the ,.nMi.- 

 library. The museum of painting 

 and sculpture includes a collection 

 of pictures purchased by the city 

 in 1875. There is a palais de j 

 The industries include the manu- 

 facture of silk and other textiles, 

 and a trade in wine. The old fortifi 

 cations have been replaced by 

 boulevards, while another public 

 amenity is the Fountain Gardens 

 The city has a service of electric 

 tramways and several theatres. 



One of the most ancient and 

 interesting of French cities, Nimes 

 is famous for its Roman remains. 

 It was founded by Augustus, and 

 an amphitheatre and other features 

 of a typical Roman city were soon 

 erected. The amphitheatre, owing 

 to careful attention, is in an excel- 

 lent state of preservation. Its 

 vaults, which resemble a natural 

 cavern, are notable, and it is said 

 to have held over 20,000 persons. 

 The Maison Carree is a perfect 

 Roman temple. The Temple of 

 Diana and two Roman gates still 

 remain, but nothing is left of the 

 iMpitol and some other Roman 

 buildings. The ruined Great Tower, 

 another Roman edifice, stands 

 on a hill called Mont Cavalier, 

 375 ft high. Just out. side are the 



