NOOTKA SOUND 



576O 



NORDDEUTSCHER 



Nootka Sound. Fiord on the 

 W. coast of Vancouver Island, 

 British Columbia. It is 6 m. wide, 

 with a minimum depth of 250 ft. 

 Three arms stretch inland, 7, 14, 

 and 18 m. respectively. Nootka 

 Island lies W. of the sound, with 

 Esperanza Inlet N. of it. Nootka 

 settlement is on the S. point. 



This settlement was founded in 

 the 18th century by some English 

 merchants, who traded with China. 

 In 1789-90, three of their ships 

 were seized by some Spaniards. 

 The British Government asked for 

 redress, to which Spain replied by 

 claiming Nootka for herself. Both 

 countries and their allies prepared 

 for war, but the French national 

 assembly was against it, and nego- 

 tiations were begun. On Oct. 28, 

 1790, a treaty was signed by which 

 Spain surrendered all her claims. 



Norbiton. District of Surrey, a 

 residential suburb of London. It 

 has a station on the L. & S.W. Rly., 

 being 12 m. from London, and just 

 outside Kingston-on-Thames. S. 

 Peter's is the chief church. 



Norbury. District of Surrey, 

 and residential suburb of London. 

 It is 7 m. from London, with a 

 station on the L.B. & S.C. Rly., 

 and is also connected with the 

 metropolis by tramways. Here are 

 the links of N. Surrey Golf Club. 



There is a Norbury in Derbyshire, 

 7 m. from Uttoxeter, with a station 

 on the N. Staffs. Rly. It has an old 

 church, S. Mary's, partly of the 

 14th century, with monuments to 

 the Fitzherberts, and is supposed 

 to be the Norbourne of Adam Bede. 

 Norbury Park is near Box Hill. 



Norbury, EARL OF. Irish title 

 borne since 1827 by the family of 

 Graham-Toler. John Toler (1745- 

 1831), a Tipperary man, was long 

 M.P. for Tralee. He became 

 solicitor-general and then attorney- 

 general for Ireland, and was 

 created Baron Norbury in 1800 on 

 his appointment as chief justice 

 of the common pleas. His wife was 

 already Baroness Norwood in her 

 own right. On his retirement in 

 1827 he was made an earl, and the 

 titles are held by his descendants. 



Nord, Dept. of France. The 

 frontier prov. between France and 

 Belgium, it runs S.E. from the 

 English Channel to the Ardennes, 

 and is divided into two parts con- 

 nected by a wedge of land 5 m. 

 wide. It has an area of 2,228 sq. 

 m., and is watered by the Schelde, 

 Scarpe, Lys, and Sambre. The 

 chief cities and towns are Dunkirk, 

 Hazebrouck, Lille, Douai, Valen- 

 ciennes, Roubaix, and Cambrai. 

 Its mineral products, before it was 

 partly occupied and devastated 

 by the Germans in the Great War, 

 were coal, iron, lead, peat, and 



Max Nordau, 



German-Hungarian 



author 



bitumen. In the S. half took place 

 some of the fiercest fighting of the 

 Great War. The capital is Lille. 



Nord, CANAL DU. Unfinished 

 waterway of France, between 

 Arleux and Noyon. Begun in 1903, 

 to shorten the route for the traffic 

 between Dunkirk and Paris, it 

 was nearly completed when the 

 Great War broke out in 1914. Its 

 length is 54 m., its bottom width 

 about 30 ft., and its depth 7| ft. 

 It has 11 locks and a tunnel. It 

 was very prominent in the later 

 stages of the Great War. See Cam- 

 brai, Battles of ; Hindenburg line. 

 Nordau, MAX SIMON (1849- 

 1923). German-Hungarian author. 

 A Jew by family, he was born at 

 Budapest, 

 July 29, 1849, 

 studied medi- 

 cine, travelled 

 widely, and 

 having settled 

 in Paris, prac- 

 tised as a phy- 

 sician. N o r- 

 dau's novels 

 and dramas 

 were written 

 to illustrate 

 his social theories ; among the 

 novels being The Drones Must 

 Die, 1898, Eng. trans. 1899, and 

 among the dramas, The Right to 

 Love, 1894, Eng. trans. 1895, and 

 Morganatic, 1904, Eng. trans. 

 1904. He is better known by his 

 analytical studies of contemporary 

 society, The Conventional Lies of 

 Civilization, 1884, Eng. trans. 

 1884; Paradoxes, 1885, Eng. 

 trans. 1886; The Malady of the 

 Century, 1887, Eng. trans. 1896 ; 

 and Degeneration, 1892, Eng. 

 trans. 1895. In the last especially 

 he attempts to show that a 

 great part of modern literature, art, 

 and thought is neurotic and deca- 

 dent. He died Jan. 22, 1923. 



Nordenskiold, NILS ADOLF 

 ERIK, BARON (1832-1901). Finnish 

 explorer. Born Nov. 18, 1832, and 

 educated a t 

 Helsingf ors 

 university, he 

 studied miner- 

 alogy and 

 mining. H e 

 moved to 

 Stockholm in 

 1857, and in 

 1858 made 

 valuable geo- N. A. Nordenskiold, 

 logical dis- Finnish explorer 

 coveries in Spitsbergen. For a 

 time director of the royal museum 

 at Stockholm, in 1861 and 1864 

 he made expeditions to Spits- 

 bergen, while in 1868 he made a 

 polar expedition, reaching 81 42' 

 N. He accomplished the N.E. 

 passage in the Vega in 1878-80, 



N. 0. Nordenskiold, 

 Swedish explorer 



passing Bering Strait in 1879. He 

 made a voyage to Greenland in 

 1883, and died Aug. 12, 1901. His 

 works in English include The 

 Voyage of the Vega around Asia, 

 1881 ; The Second Swedish Expe- 

 dition to Greenland, 1885. 



Nordenskiold, NILS OTTO Gus- 

 TAF (b. 1869). Swedish explorer. 

 Born at Sjogelo, Smaaland, and 

 educated a t 

 U p s a 1 a, he 

 made a scien- 

 tific explora- 

 tion of the 

 straits of 

 Magellan and 

 Patagonia in 

 1895-97, and 

 of Alaska in 

 1898. He 

 commanded 

 the Swedish expedition (1901-4) 

 which discovered Oscar II Land. 



Nordenskiold Sea. Section of 

 the Arctic Ocean, N. of Siberia, 

 between the Taimyr peninsula and 

 the New Siberia islands. It receives 

 the waters of the Lena, Olenek, 

 Anabara, and Khatanga rivers, 

 and was named after Nils Adolf 

 Nordenskiold, who navigated it 

 in 1878. 



Norderney. Island of Germany. 

 It is about 8 m. long and about 

 1 m. wide, and is for government 

 purposes part of the Prussian prov. 

 of Hanover. Pop. 4,000. See 

 Frisian Islands. 



Norddeutsche Allgemeine 

 Zeitung OR NORTH GERMAN UNI- 

 VERSAL GAZETTE. German daily 

 newspaper. Founded hi 1861 and 

 published in Berlin, before the 

 Great War it was an official subsi- 

 dised organ of the German govern- 

 ment. In the last year of the war 

 it became the property of Reimar 

 Robbing, under whose direction it 

 made the publication of general 

 news a more prominent feature. 



Norddeutscher Lloyd. Ger- 

 man steamship company. Founded 

 in 1857 by the amalgamation of 

 several exist- 

 i n g Bremen 

 steamship 

 lines, it ran 

 its first vessel 

 t o America 

 in 1858. Ser- 



Norddeutscher 

 Lloyd flag ; 

 white, with 

 blue device 



vices were 

 started toCen- 

 tral America 

 and the W. 

 Indies, 1869 ; to S. America, 1875 ; 

 Australia and the Far East, 1886. 

 Shipyards and docks were built 

 at Bremerhaven, and when the 

 Great War broke out much of the 

 world's traffic had fallen into the 

 company's hands. The vessels 

 that were not sunk were handed 

 over to the Allies. 



