NORFOLK 



Norfolk, * Boon FITZALAH- 

 or (1847- 



I'.UT). I'.nti-h |i.>litii-:nii. 



"47, 



on of Ili-nrv 

 Gninvill.'. 1 It'h 

 duke (1815- 

 (K)), he was 



1 At 



the Oratory 



School, 



baston 



was envoy f, , r 



Queen Virnni.i 



:it tin- .Illliilff 



of 1*0 Mil. 



Henry F1t:*liin 



Howard. 

 15th Duke ol Norfolk 



Knurl I 



1895-1900, and 



went with the Imperial Yeomanry 

 toS. Africa, 1900. He was elected 

 mayor of Shcllicld in IV"'. \\ i* 

 first chancellor of Sheffield Univer- 

 sity, and sat on the L.C.C., 1892- 

 95. Throughout his life a< 

 all matters pertaining to the R.C. 

 Church in Cn-it !'.nt:iin, he took 

 part as earl marshal in the corona- 

 tion ceremonies of Edward VII and 

 George V, was lord-lieutenant of 

 Sussex from 1905, and died Feb. 

 11, 1917. His eldest son, an invalid, 

 had died in 1902. and he was suc- 

 ceeded by his son by a second 

 marriage, Bernard Marmaduke 

 (b. 1908). See Earl Marshal. 



Norfolk Island. Islet in the 

 Pacific within the territory of the 

 Commonwealth of Australia. It is 

 5 m. long, 3 m. wide, was dis- 

 covered by Capt. Cook in 1774, 

 and is 400 m. from New Zealand 

 and 930 m. from Sydney. The 

 climate is mild, the* temperature 

 averaging 68 F. with a range of 

 35F. ; the rainfall is 55 ins. 

 annually. Bananas, lemons, guavas, 

 pineapples, and passion fruit are 

 grown, and whaling is carried on. 

 In 1856 the descendants of the 

 mutineers of the Bounty were re- 

 moved here from Pitcaira Island, 

 to which, however, some returned 

 two years later. The island was 

 handed over to Australia in 1914. 

 Pop. 1,000. 



Norfolk Regiment. Regiment 

 of the British army. Formerly the 

 9th Foot, it was raised in 1685 to 

 assist in 



5763 



and litter in the Afghan War. 1842, 



sikh \\ .... criniMui War. Afghan 



1379-80, and Burmese War, 



1888. In the South African War 



it formed part of the 7th division. 



In the Great War the regiment 



NORMAN 



>fl*r the Roman prov. of Noricuro. 

 The highest peak is the Eisenbut. 



Alp.. 



Noricum. I'rov. ol tbe Roman 

 empire lying S. of the Danube, and 

 corresponding roughly to the 



had, in addition to its regular modern Carinthin 



md service of Austria and Bavaria. IU Celtic 



battalion*, territorial and 

 battalions, also an allied Auxtra- 

 IMII unit. The 1st battalion was 

 part of the expeditionary force, and 

 fought at Mons and in all the lead- 

 ing battles of 1914. The 2nd batta- 

 lion was in Gallipoli in 1915; the 

 5th battalion (territorial) was also 

 in GallipoIL Tbe 2nd went to Meso- 

 potamia, where it took part in 

 Townshend's advance, fought at 

 Ctesiphon, and was in the siege of 

 Kut, 1916. The 8th battalion was 

 at the battle of the Somme in 1916, 

 and in 1917 took part in the third 

 battle of Ypres. In 1918 the 7th 

 battalion fought in the 

 battles of the Germans' spring 

 olTrii-<ive, and men of the Norfolk 

 regiment shared in the final British 

 victories. As a war memorial 

 five pairs of cottages for disabled 

 soldiers were erected near the 

 Britannia barracks, Mousehold 

 Heath, Norwich. The regimental 

 depot is at Norwich. 



Norhaxn. Village of Northum- 

 berland. It stands on the Tweed, 

 6 m. from Berwick-on-Tweed, with 



Norham, Northumberland. Keep o! the rained castle, 

 seen through Marmion's Gateway 



a station on the N.E. Rly. It is 

 famous for its castle, one of the 

 strongest of the defences of the 

 English border, and mentioned in 

 Marmion. It was built by a bishop 

 of Durham in the 12th century, and 

 crushing Mon- was long held by the bishops. It is 

 mouth's re- now a ruin, the chief feature being 

 be II ion, and the Norman keep. The village 

 first saw active has a parish church dating from 

 service in Hoi- Norman times. Herein in 1290 

 land in 1701. Edward I heard the case for the 

 In 1704 it went throne of Scotland. The district 

 to Portugal, around is known as Norhamshire, 

 and its services at Almanza, 1707, and until 1844 was a detached part 

 earned for it the figure of Britannia of the county of Durham. Pop. 800. 

 as a regimental badge. The cap-;" Noric Alps (&nc. Alpc* Noricat). 

 ture of Belle- tie, lTi',1. and other Section of the E. Alps stretching 

 West Indian islands in 1794, further N.E. from the Rhaetian Alps 

 enhanced its record. It was fight- (q.v.) between the valleys of the 

 in/ t hrouphout the Peninsular War. Mur and the Drave. It was named 



Norfolk Regiment 

 badge 



inhabitants were conquered by the 

 Romans in 16 B.C. 



Normal School OB COUJWE. 

 institution for the training of 

 teachers for the work of educa- 

 1 IK- term, which b a trans- 

 lation of the French ieoU normal*. 

 H more commonly used in the 

 than in Great Britain, where 

 the usual name for such institution* 

 in training college. See Education ; 

 Training College. 



Norm in. Name given to the 

 people of Normandy and 

 descendants in countries which were 

 conquered by them. The word 

 Norman, Fr. Normand, is identical 

 with Northman, but is generally 

 restricted to the mixed race which 

 arose after the conversion of the 

 heathen settlers and their adoption 

 of French culture. This race dis- 

 played extraordinary energy and 

 love of adventure, military, legal, 

 and organizing powers, as well as 

 adaptability. Itself the product 

 of one of the latest of the great 

 European migrations, it spread 

 Latin order and 

 discipline through 

 many regions, 

 posed as the 

 champion of the 

 papacy, and initi- 

 ated the move- 

 ment which cul- 

 minated in the 

 Crusades. The 

 conquest of Eng- 

 land was followed 

 by the permeation 

 of the Scottish 

 Lowlands by Nor- 

 man c b iv a 1 r y, 

 exemplified in the 

 Bruces and Baliols, while S. Wales 

 and the Irish Pale were conquered. 

 About 1017 Norman adven- 

 turers intervened in the struggles 

 in 8. Italy between Greeks and 

 Moslems, and by craft and force 

 established a dominion under 

 Robert Guiscard, who became duke 

 of Apulia and Calabria in 1059. 

 His nine brothers aided in the 

 conquest, Roger I overthrowing 

 the Arab* of Sicily, 1060-91. 

 Roger II, crowned king of Sicily in 

 1130, united the Norman posses- 

 sions on the mainland, including 

 Naples, with his own, and con- 

 quered Corfu and Mahedia in N. 

 Africa. William II conquered 

 Epirus and sacked Salonica, 1185. 

 The Norman dynasty in Sicily died 

 out in 1194. 



