NORMAN 



5764 



NORMAN 



Norman Architecture. Name 

 applied to a style of building in 

 England and Normandy during 

 the llth and 12th centuries. It is 

 said to have been introduced into 

 England by Edward the Confessor, 

 who built the choir and transepts 

 of the old Abbey of Westminster, 

 but was not fully developed until 

 after the Conquest. Historically, 

 it is a local variety of Romanesque. 

 The main characteristics of 

 Norman, as of Romanesque, archi- 

 tecture are the 'round arch and the 

 plain round or rectangular column. 

 Little is made of the base of a 

 column ; the bell capital (q.v. ) is 

 much -the same as the Saxon in 

 design and workmanship ; vaults 

 are of the barrel variety, roofs gen- 

 erally of wood, and masonry thick- 

 jointed and rough. In the reigns of 

 William I and William II the 

 principal building was the castle. 

 In the 12th century the style 

 grew more ornamental. Heavy 

 barrel vaults were groined ; the 

 angles of rectangular piers softened 

 by recessed columns ; doorways 

 became more highly decorated, 

 and enrichment more general in the 

 direction of mouldings. The em- 

 ployment of the square and hatched 

 billet, chevron, scollop, and other 

 typical Norman ornaments was 

 extended. Buttresses, at first wide 

 and of slight projection, became 

 much bolder. One of the best 

 examples of a 12th century church 

 in London is S. Bartholomew's, 

 Smithfield, See Arch; Architec- 

 ture ; Castle ; Door ; Romanesque ; 

 consult also Norman Architecture, 

 E. G. Browne, 1907. 



Norman, SIR HENKY (b. 1858). 

 British journalist and politician. 

 Born at Leicester, Sept. 19, 1858, 

 he was edu- 

 cated in France 

 and at Harvard 

 and Leipzig. 

 He was on the 

 staff of The 

 Pall Mall Ga- 

 zette and The 

 Daily Chroni- 

 cle,. and found- 

 ed and edited 

 The World's 



Baines Work in 1902. 



Liberal M.P. for S. Wolver- 

 hampton, 1900-10, when he was 

 returned for Blackburn, he was 

 assistant postmaster-general, 1910; 

 and chairman of several select com- 

 mittees. He travelled extensively, 

 and wrote The Real Japan, 1892 ; 

 The Peoples and Politics of the Far 

 East, 1895 ; All the Russias, 1902; 

 and other works. He was made 

 a baronet in 1915. 



Normanby. District of York- 

 shire (N.R.), England. It is 4 m. 

 from Middlesbrough. It is in the 



Sir H ;nry Norman, 

 British journalist 



urban district of Eston. Another 

 Normanby, also hi the North 

 Riding, is the village, 5 m. from 

 Pickering, from which the family 

 of Phipps takes its title. 



Normanby, MARQUESS OF. 

 .British title borne since 1838 by 

 the family of Phipps. In 1767, 

 Constantine Phipps, a grandson of 

 Sir Constantine Phipps (1656- 

 1723), lord chancellor of Ireland, 

 was created an Irish baron, and in 

 1790 his son, Constantine John, was 

 made an English one. On his death 

 in 1792 the Irish title of Baron Mul- 

 grave passed to his brother Henry 

 (1755-1831), who was secretary of 

 state for foreign affairs, 1805, and in 

 1807 became first lord of the admiral- 

 ty, in 1812 being made earl of Mul- 

 grave. His son, Constantine Henry 

 (1797-1863), 

 the 2nd earl, 



m 23 : was ma de mar- 



quess of Nor- 

 manby in 1838. 

 George, the 2nd 

 marquess (1819 

 -90), was a 

 Liberal M.P. 



Normanby, CONSTANTINE HEN- 

 RY PHIPPS, IST MARQUESS OF (1797- 

 1863). British politician. The 

 son of Henry Phipps, 1st earl of 

 Mulgrave, he was born May 15, 

 1797. Educated at Harrow and 

 Trinity College, 

 Cambridge, he 

 entered Parlia- 

 ment in 1818. 

 Earl of Mul- 



1st Marquess of 



Normanby, 

 British politician 



After a. P.Briggt, 

 B.A. 



by William 



and in turn gov- 

 ernor of Nova 

 Scotia, Queens- 

 land, New Zea- 

 land, and Vic- 

 toria. The eldest 

 son is called the 

 earl of Mulgrave, 

 from the family 

 seatnearWhitby. 



grave in 

 1831, in 1832 

 he became 

 governor of 

 Jamaica. In 

 1834 he was 

 appointed lord 

 privy seal, and 

 from 1835 - 39 

 was lord - lieutenant of Ireland. 

 From 1839-41 he was home secre- 

 tary under Lord Melbourne ; from 

 1846-52 ambassador hi Paris ; 

 and from 1854-58 at Florence. 

 He died July 28, 1863. He wrote 

 A Year of Revolution (1848), 1857. 

 Norman Conquest . Name 

 given to the conquest of England 

 1066 and the 

 succeeding 

 years. It began 

 with his victory 

 at Hastings, and 

 may be said to 

 have ended with 

 the march to 

 Chester in 1070. 

 Formerly re- 

 garded as intro- 

 ducing a com- 

 pletely new 

 system into Eng- 

 land, the present 

 view is that 

 Norman influ- 

 ence, although 

 considerable, 

 was far from des- 

 troying all traces 

 of English law 

 and customs. 

 See Armour: 



Normandy. Examples of native dress. 1. Havre fisherman. 2. Couple in 



gala costume. 3 and 4. Front and back views of the Butterfly head-dress, 



as worn at Avranches 



