NORTHUMBERLAND 



uml A!n\\i.-k arc the county towns ; 

 otli.-i places are Tun-in. mi h. 



U<-| \\irk (.11 T\\.-,-.|, \Vull-rml. 



Mi.r|H-th. ami Il.-\li;un. Blyth i-< 

 a fishing port, .tin! there are a 

 iiiimlirr of populoui url):in '! 

 in tin- mining jirea. Tlirec mrinl-is 

 n iv ivtumrd l.i Parliament. I'lil il 



1882 Northumberland was in tin- 



diocese of Durham. 



In Anglo-Saxon times North 

 iimlx-rlanti formed part of the 

 kingdom of IWniria. ami then of 

 Nortlminl'ii i Its history is domin- 

 ated by the fact that it was on 

 the borders between England and 

 Scotland, and was the scene for 

 centuries of constant warfare. 

 It wan protected by fortresses, and 

 herein are Flodaen, Otterburn, 

 Horaildon Hill, and other battle- 

 fields.. The county contains also 

 Bamburgh, Lindisfarne, and other 

 places of historic interest. The 

 most notable of the castles, now 

 mainly ruins, are Norham, Dilston, 

 Warkworth, Dunstanburgh, Bain- 

 burgh, and Prudhoe. Alnwick has 

 been largely rebuilt ; Ford and 

 Chiprhase are also mainly modern. 

 The Roman Wall passes through 

 the county. Pop. 407,000. 



LITERARY ASSOCIATIONS. From 

 its position as a border county 

 Northumberland has rich associa- 

 tion with the old ballad literature 

 of the Border district. Among these 

 ballads may be named The Brave 

 Earl Brand, Jack and Tom, The 

 Baillie of Berwick, Sir Arthur and 

 Charming Mollee. Bamburgh is 

 reputed by some to be the Joyous 

 Card of Arthurian legend ; it is the 

 scene of much writing in prose and 

 verse concerning Grace Darling, and 

 of Bosant's Dorothy Forster. 



Much of the action of Scott's 

 Marmion takes place in the county 

 (Flodden, Holy Isle, Norham). A. 

 C. Swinburne wrote of the county. 

 At Warkworth was born the 

 17th century historian, John Rush- 

 worth, and the hermitage there 

 afforded the subject of Bishop 

 Percy's The Hermit of Warkworth. 

 At Newcastle was born Mark Aken- 

 side, and Thomas Bewick at Cher- 

 ryburn, near Newcastle. 



Bibliography. History of N., J. 

 Hodgson, 1840; History of N., 9 

 vols., pub. by N. County Historical 

 Committee, 1893-1909 ; History of 

 N., C. J. Bates, 1896 ; The Roman 

 Wall, C. J. Bruce, 6th ed. 1909; 

 Northumberland, J. E. Morris, 

 1916; Medieval N., J. C. Davies, 

 1918 ; Highways and Byways in 

 Northumbria, P. A. Graham, 1920. 



Northumberland, DDKE OF. 

 Title held since 1766 by the family 

 of Percy. There was an earl of 

 Northumberland at the time of 

 the Norman Conquest and after- 

 wards, but as an hereditary title 

 it dates from 1377, when Henry 



5777 



NORTHUMBERLAND 



Northumberland. Map of the north-eastern county of England, famous lor its 

 historical associations with the Scottish border 



Percy, Baron Percy, was made 

 earl. He was killed in 1408 and the 

 title forfeited, but it was restored 

 to his grandson. His descendants 

 kept the title until the llth earl 

 died in 1670. From 1551-53 there 

 had been a duke of Northumber- 

 land, John Dudley. 



The llth earl's daughter married 

 Charles Seymour, duke of Somer- 

 set, and their son Algernon, the 7th 

 duke, was made earl of Northum- 

 berland in 1 749. He had no sons, 

 and the earldom passed by arrange- 

 ment to his son-in-law, Sir Hugh 

 Smithson, Bart., who took the name 

 of Percy. In 1766 he was made 

 duke of Northumberland. In 1865, 

 when the 4th duke died, the title 

 passed to a g'-and- nephew, George, 

 earl of Beverley, and from him the 

 later dukes are descended. The 

 duke's chief seat is Alnwick Castle, 

 and he has extensive estates in 

 Northumberland. His eldest son 

 is called Earl Percy. From 1683 

 to 1716 George Fitzroy, a natural 

 son of Charles II, was duke of 

 Northumberland, but he died 

 without sons. See Percy. 



Northumberland, JOHN DUD- 

 LEY, IST DUKB OF (c. 1502-53). 

 English soldier and statesman. 

 The attainder 

 of his father, 

 Edmund Dud- 

 ley (c. 1462- 

 1510), waa 

 reversed by 

 Henry MIL 

 and as Vis- 

 count Lisle, 

 John Dudley 

 proved himself 

 a soldier and 

 administra- 

 tor of ability. 

 In 1547 he was made earl of War- 

 wick and defeated the Scots at 

 Pinkie. He became earl marshal and 

 duke of Northumberland in 1551. 

 He sought toconsolidate his position 

 by the marriage of his son Guild- 

 ford Dudley to Lady Jane Grey, 

 May, 1553, but his plans collapsed. 

 He was executed Aug. 22, 1553. 



Northumberland Avenue. 

 London thoroughfare. Connect inu 

 Trafalgar Square with the Victoria 

 Embankment, it derives its name, 



1C 7 



John Dudley, 



1st Duke ol 



Northumberland 



Aflrr Uolbi* 



