NOR'-WESTER 



5784 



NORWICH 



death of Haakon VI in 1380, the 

 crown of Norway was separated 

 from the crowns of both Denmark 

 and Sweden. 



Bibliography. Wild Norway, A. 

 Chapman, 1897 ; A History of Nor- 

 way, H. H. Boyesen, 1900; Scan- 

 dinavia: A Political History of 

 Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, 

 1513-1900, R. N. Bain, 1905; Nor- 

 way and the Union with Sweden, 

 F. Mansen, 1905; History of the 

 Norwegian People, K. Gjerset,1915; 

 The Fjords and Folk of Norway, S. 

 J. Beckett, 1915. 



Nor'-Wester. Warm dry wind 

 which blows over the Canterbury 

 Plains, E. of the mts. of the S. 

 Island of New Zealand. It is the 

 prevailing wind, which, having 

 crossed the Southern Alps, to 

 whose W. slopes it brings a heavy 

 rainfall, descends to the E. plains, 

 and in so doing is warmed by 

 compression. 



Norwich. City and county bor- 

 ough of Norfolk, England, also the 

 county town. It stands on the 

 Wensum, near its 

 junction with the 

 Yare, and is 114 

 m. from London. 

 It is served by-the 

 G.E. and a joint 

 line of the Mid. 

 and G.N. Rlys. 

 The city has a 

 service of electric 



Norwich arms 



tramways, and steamers go to Yar- 

 mouth and elsewhere. Its chief 

 magistrate has been known since 

 1910 as the lord mayor. 



The principal building is the 

 cathedral of Holy Trinity, begun in 

 Norman times, but not completed 

 until about 1500. It display,?, 

 therefore, several styles of architec- 

 ture ; features are the long and 

 splendid nave, the lofty spire, and 

 the two apsidal chapels. Two old 

 gateways lead to it, and near are 

 the cloisters, bishop's palace, dean- 

 ery, and other buildings connected 

 with the foundation. 



Of the other churches, the chief 

 are S. Peter Mancroft, a large and 

 noble building, S. Michael-at-Cos- 

 lany, S. Giles, S. Andrew, and S. 

 Lawrence. The fine Roman Catholic 

 cathedral is modern. Of secular 

 buildings the chief is S. Andrew's 

 Hall. Originally the nave of a mon- 

 astic church, built in the 15th cen- 

 tury, its proportions make it a pub- 

 lic hall of unusual magnificence. 

 The guildhall was built in the 15th 

 century. The grammar school was 

 once a chapel. Other buildings in- 

 clude the shire hall, corn exchange, 

 and a drill hall, and there are hos- 

 pitals, libraries, a technical college, 

 and a training school. Of the castle 

 little more than the keep, dun- 

 geons, and battlements remain ; it 

 is now used as a museum and art 



Norwich, Norfolk. 



Cathedral of Holy Trinity, from the south-east 



Frith 



gallery. Borrow's house is now a 

 Borrow Museum. The Maid's Head 

 Hotel is a picturesque old building. 

 Bishop Bridge of the 13th century 

 is still used, and the Strangers' Hall 

 dates from the 15th century. The 

 charitable foundations include the 

 old hospital of S. Giles. There is a 

 theatre, and in 1921 the playhouse, 

 closed by Cromwell, was opened by 

 the Norwich players as the Mad- 

 dermarket Theatre ; it is designed 

 as were the theatres of Shake- 

 speare's day, the only one of its kind 

 in England, and is mainly for the 

 production of Elizabethan drama. 

 The industries of Norwich in- 

 clude engineering works and the 

 making of boots and shoes, crape, 

 beer, starch, mustard, etc. There 

 is a trade along the river, and the 

 city is the business centre of a 

 large district, being still in a sense 

 the capital of E. Anglia. It is the 

 headquarters of important insur- 

 ance companies, but amalgama- 

 tions have made its banks less 

 prominent than formerly. Still an 

 important agricultural centre, it 



has a large cattle market, and is 

 known for its canaries. The bor- 

 ough includes Carrow, where there 

 was a Benedictine abbey in the 

 Middle Ages, and Thorpe, Mouse- 

 hold Heath, is public property. It 

 sends two members to Parliament. 

 Norwich is remarkable for the num- 

 ber of eminent men associated with 

 it and as a centre of literature and 

 art ; they include Sir Thomas 

 Browne and George Borrow in 

 literature, and Crome in art. Coke 

 and Nelson were educated in its 

 grammar school. Others associ- 

 ated with the city include the 

 Martineaus, the Gurneys, and 

 Edith Cavell. 



Norwich was founded by the 

 Anglo-Saxon invaders of Britain, 

 and in the 10th century or earlier 

 was an important town. In 1094 

 the E. Anglican bishopric was 

 brought here from Thetford, and 

 about the same time the castle was 

 built. Attached to the cathedral 

 was a monastery. The citizens, 

 growing rich, bought various char- 

 ters giving them liberties and privi- 



