NOVARA 



5792 



NOVA SCOT.'A 



a 10th century baptistery and old 

 frescoes ; the church of San Gau- 

 denzio, founded in the 5th century 

 and rebuilt in 1570 ; an ancient 

 citadel, now used as a prison ; and 

 a museum with many Roman 

 antiquities. Its rectangular streets 

 recall its Roman occupation. The 

 old fortifications have been replaced 

 by boulevards. The chief industry 

 is the manufacture of textiles. 

 Pop. 58,900. 



Novara, BATTLE OF. Austrian 

 victory over the Piedmontese, 

 March 23, 1849. The armistice 

 which followed the Austrian vic- 

 tory of Custozza, 1848, was suc- 

 ceeded by protracted and futile 

 negotiations between England, 

 France, Austria, and Piedmont. 

 Wearied of a state of affairs in 

 which the only certainty was the 

 daily strengthening of Austria, 

 Charles Albert denounced the 

 armistice, March 12, 1849, where- 

 upon Radetzky made a rapid 

 march into Piedmont and attacked 

 the Italians at Novara, March 23, 

 1849. Charles Albert's defeat was 

 so overwhelming that he abdi- 

 cated in favour of his son, Victor 

 Emmanuel II. 



Novarsenobenzol OR NEOSAL- 

 VARSAN. Organic compound of 

 arsenic administered in cases of 

 syphilis, sleeping sickness, and re- 

 lapsing fever. It is given by injec- 

 tion either into the veins or into 

 the muscles, and acts as a poison 

 to the spirochaetes or trypano- 

 somes of the diseases. 



Nova Scotia. One of the three 

 maritime provinces of Canada. Its 

 area is 21,428 sq. m., of which 360 

 sq. m. are water, and its population 

 492,338, of whom 144,991 are R.C. 



Nova Scotia 

 aims 



The province consists of two 

 parts. The larger is the peninsula 

 of Nova Scotia, surrounded by the 

 sea except where 

 the isthmus of 

 Chignecto, only 

 11 J in. wide, 

 unites it to New 

 Brunswick. The 

 smaller is t h 'e 

 island of Cape 

 Breton to the N., 

 the strait of Canso 

 lying between the 

 two. The coast-line is very in- 

 dented, and has many openings. 

 Minas Basin is the deepest indenta- 

 tion, while Halifax and Sydney in 

 Cape Breton have the finest har- 

 bours. There are a number of 

 lakes, including Rossignol in Nova 

 Scotia, and the Bras d'Or lakes in 

 Cape Breton. Many small islands 

 lie off the coast. 



Halifax is the capital, the chief 

 port, and the largest city. Sydney, 

 on Cape Breton, a mining centre, 

 is the next in size. The prov. sends 

 16 members to the Dominion 

 House of Commons and 10 to the 

 Senate. Its local affairs are looked 

 after by a parliament of two 

 Houses ; a legislative council of 21 

 nominated members and a House 

 of Assembly of 43 elected ones. 

 Elections are held every five years. 

 There is a ministry responsible to 

 the parliament and a lieutenant- 

 governor represents the crown. 



Nova Scotia is mainly an agri- 

 cultural area. Dairy produce and 

 fruit are the chief products, the 

 apples of the fertile Annapolis 

 valley being specially famous. 

 Oats and potatoes are also largely 

 grown. There is a good deal of 



forest land and much timber is 

 felled. Cape Breton has a rich coal- 

 field, and in Nova Scotia coal, iron, 

 gold, copper, etc., are mined. The 

 fisheries are valuable, chief among 

 them being cod, lobster, and 

 mackerel ; trout and salmon arc 

 caught in the rivers. The prov. is 

 well served by rlys., which con- 

 verge on Halifax. 



Nova Scotia was first taken 

 possession of by the French, who 

 named it Acadia. In 1613 the French 

 settlers were ousted by the Eng- 

 lish, and in 1621 James I bestowed 

 it upon a Scotsman, Sir William 

 Alexander, to which fact it owes its 

 name of Nova Scotia. It was given 

 back to France in 1632, and again 

 in 1667, after it had been taken by 

 Cromwell. Port Royal, the later 

 Annapolis, was then the capital. 



The long struggle between Eng- 

 land and France for the possession 

 of America was partly fought out 

 here ; in 1710 Great Britain again 

 seized Nova Scotia, keeping it by 

 the treaty of 1713, but Cape Breton 

 remained French. At this time 

 Nova Scotia included New Bruns- 

 wick and Prince Edward Island, 

 although its W. boundary was very 

 uncertain. On Cape Breton the 

 French built the strong fortress of 

 Louisburg, which was twice cap- 

 tured by the British. Once, in 

 1748, it was restored, but the 

 second time it, and with it Cape 

 Breton, was retained, and it be- 



NOVA SCOTIA 



English Miles 



Nova Scotia. Map of the Canadian maritime province, containing Halifax, the 

 winter port of entry from the Atlantic 



came formally British at the peace 

 of Paris in 1763. 



From Nova Scotia itself the 

 British, in 1755, had expelled the 

 French settlers, known as the 

 Acadians, and during the Seven 

 Years' War the French vainly 

 attempted to recover the region. 

 After the British victory in 1763 

 New Brunswick and Prince Edward 

 Island were separated from the 

 colony of Nova Scotia. 



In 1867 Nova Scotia became one 

 of the four provinces of the 



