NURSING 



(mini li-ii u it h the HUH) subscribed M 

 it iiieiiini i.il In tin- mil. If exert mil-. 

 t inhale ami her associ- 

 ates in tin* Imspitals of the Kant." 

 HIM nlijeet in fiuiniliii'.' t In- Ni^litin 

 rMle Sfln.nl was not only tli.it it 

 -liniilil provide an efficient r<lu< .1 

 tii.ii fur its OUM iihiinii'i'. luit tlmt 

 the latter should IxK-ome. pi 

 nf IIIIIMIIL: lefiirin in ntlier ln>*|.it.iU 

 and inlirniaries, by taking, \\lien 

 trained, the higher posts in such 

 institutions. Perhaps the most 

 illustrious example in this con- 

 nexion ua> Mi Agnes Jones, who 

 died of typhus fever contracted 

 while estalili>liinir the first poor 

 law training school for nurses 

 at the Brownlow Hill Infirmary, 

 Liverpool. 



Influence of Florence Nightingale 



Mi-s Nightingale's great con- 

 tribution to nursing was that she 

 laid down the fundamental laws 

 on which training should be carried 

 on, on BO broad a basis, and with 

 such clearness and precision, that 

 they hold good to the present day. 

 Her Notes on Nursing : What 

 It Is, and What It Is Not are 

 a classic, dealing not only with the 

 laws underlying the care of the 

 sick, but foreshadowing the pre- 

 ventive nursing, based on sanitary 

 science, which to-day is given so 

 much prominence. She also 

 claimed insistently that probation- 

 ers should be taught the principles 

 underlying their work " the 

 reason why," or they could not 

 train others. 



As the benefit of skilled nursing 

 came to be appreciated and 

 systematised, nurses at the con- 

 clusion of their training specialised 

 in those branches which most 

 appealed to them. District nursing 

 made large claims. The Bible- 

 women and Nurses Mission was 

 founded by Mrs. Ranyard in 1868, 

 and still carries on good work under 

 the name of the Ranyard Nurses ; 

 the Metropolitan and National 

 Nursing Association was founded 

 in 1874 by the Order of S. John of 

 Jerusalem ; the Queen Victoria 

 Jubilee Institute for Nurses was 

 founded with the Women's Jubilee 

 Offering to Queen Victoria in 1887. 

 The highly skilled and specialised 

 work of queen's nurses has been of 

 incalculable benefit to the poor 

 throughout the United Kingdom. 

 Nursing in poor law infirmaries, in 

 infectious hospitals, in asylums, or 

 mental hospitals, for the insane, 

 and in connexion with primary 

 schools, has greatly developed of 

 recent years. 



The term of training in all the 

 principal nurse-training schools in 

 Great Britain is at present from 

 three to four years. In past wars 

 the number of nurses employed has 



5605 



been relatively small. The con- 

 servative naval and military ser- 

 vices were alow to learn the lemon 

 nf the value of the service* of 

 women nuraea in war, even after 

 the demonstration given by MUM 

 Nightingale in tlm Crime/i. In the 

 Si,,,th Afiieun War (1899-1902), 

 trained nurse* did good work in 

 the bane hospitals, but it was not 

 until the Groat War (1914-18) 

 that their service* were utilised 

 under shell fire. The nation's 

 extremity was the nurses' oppor- 

 tunity, and British nurses served 

 the sick and wounded in casualty 

 clearing stations near the tiring 

 line, on ships in peril of being 

 torpedoed, and in hospitals sub- 

 ject to attacks from the air. 



Members of the French Flag 

 Nursing Corps a corps of certifi- 

 cated British nurses working under 

 the French War Office did excel- 

 lent service in hospitals in the 

 French war zone and elsewhere. 

 Trained nurses also worked in the 

 countries of the other Allies, and in 

 Serbia took part in the retreat. 



The movement for the organiza- 

 tion of nursing as a profession, in 

 the United Kingdom, was in- 

 augurated in 1887, when the 

 British Nurses' Association was 

 formed in December of the same 

 year upon the invitation of Mrs. 

 Bedford Fenwick. It included in 

 its objects "To unite all qualified 

 nurses in membership of a recog- 

 nized profession and to provide for 

 their registration." It announced 

 from the first that its intention was 

 to obtain a royal charter of incor- 

 poration, which was granted to the 

 association in 1893, and to publish 

 a register of trained nurses, the 

 ultimate object being to secure 

 their registration by the state. The 

 first register was published in 1891. 

 State Registration of Nonet 



The first bill for the state regis- 

 tration of nurses was drafted by the 

 Society for the State Registration 

 of Trained Nurses, and introduced 

 into the House of Common? in 1904. 

 In 1908 it was withdrawn from the 

 lower house, and introduced into 

 the House of Lords, where it 

 was carried. 



In 1910 the central committee 

 for the state registration of nurses 

 was formed, composed of delegates 

 from all the societies engaged in 

 promoting nurses' registration, " for 

 the purpose of securing united 

 action until a satisfactory law has 

 been passed by Parliament" 



In 1919 the minister of health 

 brought in a government measure 

 for the state registration of nurses. 

 As his jurisdiction only extended 

 to England and Wales, his bill was 

 limited to those countries, but bu> 

 \\en- introduced almost simul- 



NURSING 



Uneouslv by the secretary 

 Scotland and the chief wen 



for Ireland, win- 1. 

 cally identical with the 

 and \\VUh l,,ll They give lit 

 and direct representation on the 

 governing bodies to the regsv 

 tered nurnen in each country, with 

 power to define educational stand- 

 ards and conduct examination*. 

 The royal assent was given to all 

 three bills on December 23, 1919. 



Nursing was thus established as 

 a profession, and its accredited 

 members are henceforth differen- 

 tiated from partly trained and 

 untrained persons, and accorded 

 df tmiUj legal status through a state 

 register, enrolment in which carries 

 .the right to % protected uniform 

 and badge. 



In the Nurses Registration Acts 

 provision is made for the establish- 

 ment of three general nursing 

 councils. The first council for 

 England and Wales consists of 

 25 members, namely : 



( 1) Two persona not registered medical 

 practitioners, or nurses, or persons 

 concerned with the regular direc- 

 tion or provision of the services of 

 nurses, appointed by the privy 

 council ; 



Two penon* appointed by the 

 hoard of education ; 

 Five persons appointed by the 

 minister of health, after consulta- 

 tion with persons and bodies having 

 special knowledge and experience of 

 training schools for nurses, of the 

 work of matrons of hospitals, of 

 general and special nursing services, 

 and of general and special medical 



Jirartice ; 



>i\tit-ii persons who are or have 

 been nurses, appointed by the 

 minister of health, after consulta- 

 tion with associations or organised 

 bodies of nurses or matrons men- 

 tioned In the schedule to the Act. 



At the expiration of the term 

 of office of the first members of 

 the council, the place of the 

 16 nurses appointed bv the 

 minister of health were filled by 

 16 persons registered as nurses 

 under the Act elected by the 

 registered nurses. The Scottish and 

 Irish councils consist of 15 mem- 

 bers, appointed on similar lines. 

 There are now some 50 Acts for 

 the state registration of nurses in 

 force in various parts of the world, 

 including, in the British dominions, 

 New Zealand, provinces and states 

 in Canada, Australia, and South 

 Africa, and in foreign countries 

 Germany and Belgium. 



B blioyraphy. Notes on Nursing, 

 F. Nightingale, 1860 ; A History of 

 Nursing. M. A. Nutting and 

 L. L. Dock, 1907 ; Nursing, General, 

 Medical and Surgical. W. J. Hadley. 

 1907 : Practical Nursing, I. Stewart 

 and H. E. Cuff. 4th ed. 1913 ; Out- 

 lines of Nursing History, M. 

 Goodnow. 1916 ; A Complete 

 System of Nursing, E. M. Aahdopm. 

 rev. ed. 1919 ; Theory and Practice 

 of Nursing, M. A. Gullan, 1920. 



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