NYAM WEZI 



5807 



NYASALAND 



opposite leaves,' and panicles of 

 L'i.-. in-li \\lnte tiilnilai nowen. The 

 fruit is a largo berry, resembling an 



\\illi numerous 



haired, disk like seeds an in--li 

 across, embedded in the cdiMc 

 piil|i. 'rip- dried needs, ground to 

 poder. yield tin- alkaloids wtryli 

 nun-, lirucine, loganin, and i 



.ti-id. Tin- plop,, ill, ,11 c,f alkaloid" 



Ironi 2 to ;{ p.e.. of which one 

 hull i- Mi vi Inline. 'I'll.- hitter drug 

 is also obtained from tin- triangu- 

 lar, h., ii |t-^ seeds nf the .-illii-il plant 

 Ignatius Beau (N. ii/mitii), of the 



Philippines, which are flr.|Urntl\ 



substituted. ,S'M Sti v clmine. 



Nyiimwezi. Negroid people of 

 limit u .speech iii Tanganyika Terri- 

 tory, E. Africa. The plural is Wan- 

 vainv\e/.i. Mostly in the highlands 

 l>ei wen the Victoria Nyanza and 

 Tabora, they are a muscular, dark 

 In-own people, 5 ft. 6 ins., long 

 nosed, and often curly-haired. The 

 men tend cuttle, sheep, and 

 donkeys ; the women raise crops 

 of grain, sweet potatoes, and 

 cassava. Beehives are often kept 

 in the oblong dwellings. Situate on 

 the highway from Bagamoyo to 

 Lake Tanganyika, they came early 

 under Arab cultural influences. See 

 Bantu; Negro. 



Nyangwe. Town of the Belgian 

 Congo. On the Lualaba-Congo 

 river, in the Maniema district, it is 

 a small agricultural settlement, 

 about 35 in. N.W. of Kasongo. It 

 was formerly a large native centre, 

 and came under the influence of 

 the Zanzibar Arabs. From this 

 point in 187(5 Stanley commenced 

 his descent of the Congo. 



Nyanza. Central African word 

 for lake. The best examples are 

 found in the names of the three 

 lakes which form the main sources 

 of the Nile, i.e. Victoria Nyanza, 

 Albert Nyanza, Edward Nyanza. 



Nyasa. Third largest lake in 

 Africa. It is a deep basin about 

 300 m. long and from 15 to 60 ra. 

 wide, lying at an alt. of 1,645 ft., 

 and occupies part of the Great 

 African Rift Valley. To the N. and 

 E. it is closely approached by lofty 

 mts. and tablelands. The only out- 

 let is the Shire river, issuing at its 

 S. extremity and flowim,' into the 

 Xainhe/.i. The principal affluents 

 are the Songwe, Rukuru, Bua, and 

 Lintipi on the W. coast. The water 

 of the lake is fresh and its level 

 varies with the amount of the 

 annual rainfall. Fort Johnston, at 

 the S. outlet, Kota-Kota, and Kar- 

 onga are the most important ports. ' 

 Lake Nyasa was discovered in 

 1859 by David Livingstone from 

 the S. and A. Roscher from the E. 



Nyasaland. British Protec- 

 torate in Central Africa. It liea 

 along the W. shores of Lake Nyasa 



NYASALAND 

 PROT? 



English Mil 



Nyasaland. Map 



o! the British Protectorate in 

 uplands of Africa 



and to the S. of that lake, is 

 approximately 520 m. in length, 

 and has an area of 39,573 sq. in. 

 The S. portion is about 130 m. 

 from the sea. The Protectorate is 

 bounded N. by Tanganyika Terri- 

 tory, W. by Rhodesia, S W. and 

 S. K. by Portuguese East Africa, 

 and E. by Lake Nyasa. There are 

 two natural divisions, the one con- 

 sisting of the W. littoral of Lake 

 Nyasa, with the tablelands separat- 

 ing it from the basin of the Lo&ng- 

 wa river, and the districts between 

 the watershed of the Zambezi and 

 tiu- Shire rivers on the W., and the 

 other on the E. , the districts of Lakes 

 Chiutaand Chilwaand the Ruo. with 

 the Shire highlands and Mlanje. 



The spheres of influence of Great 

 Britain, Germany, and Portugal 



were defined by 

 agreement* with 

 i any and 

 Portugal respec- 

 tively in July, 

 1890. and June, 

 and the 



tonti Mttfed 



by a proclama- 



(fan ai Mas ii. 



I V.I I 



date the ten 



was part of MM 



utnil Afti 



until 1907 it was 

 known as the 

 British Central 

 A f r i e a Protec- 

 torate, but the 

 .' name of 

 Nyasaland Pro- 

 tectorate was 

 revived in 

 1907. In 1904 

 the administra- 

 tion was trans- 

 ferred from the 

 Foreign Office to 

 the Colonial 

 Office. The ad- 

 m in ist rative 

 capital is at Zom- 

 ba, but the chief 

 town is Blantyre, 

 the railhead of 

 the Shire High- 

 lands rly. 



A huge portion 

 of the Protector- 

 ate is mountain- 

 ous or composed 

 of lofty plateaux 

 rising somewhat 

 abruptly. The 

 principal ranges 

 are the Mlanje 

 Mts., between 

 Lake Cliilwa and 

 the river Ruo, 

 of which the 

 highest peak is 

 9,843 ft. in alt. ; the Shite high- 

 lands lying E. of the Shire rivet. 

 of which the highest portion i< Mt. 

 Zomba, 7,000 ft.: 

 the Kirk range, 

 W. of the Shire, 

 reaching 7,000 

 ft. ; the Angoni- 

 l.ind plateau, at 

 the S.W. end of 

 the lake, reaching 

 8,000 ft.; and 

 the Mangoche 

 Mts. In addition to Lake Nyasa, 

 there are two other considerable 

 lakes. Chilwa orShirwa, 100 sq. m., 

 and Chiuta, 30m. long; but the 

 only important river is the Shiu. 



The most important products 

 are cotton, tobacco, coffee, tea, 

 chillies, rubber, rice, maize, wheat. 



