NYBORG 



and fibres. - Most of the exports 

 travel by the Shire Highlands rly. 

 to Port Herald on the river Shire 

 and to Chindio on the Zambezi, and 

 thence by river transport to the 

 British concession at Chinde at the 

 mouth of the Zambezi. In 1921 the 

 construction of the trans-Zambezi 

 rly. from Beira was being pushed 

 rapidly forward ; the Nyasaland 

 section of this rly. is to run from 

 Luchenza (S. of Blantyre) direct 

 lo Fort Johnston at the S. end of 

 Lake Nyasa. 



The native pop. of the Protec- 

 torate is estimated at 1,200,000; 

 the number of Europeans is 720 

 and of Asiatics 410. The native 

 races are of Bantu-Negro stock, 

 and are divided into ten groups, of 

 which the most important are the 

 Anyanja, the Yao, the Angoni, 

 Makololo, and Awemba ; and the 

 principal languages are Swahili, 

 Yao, and Chinyanja, the last being 

 in almost universal use. 



At the outbreak of the Great 

 War prompt action surprised and 

 disabled the German steamer Her- 

 mann von Wissmann while on the 

 stocks at Sphinxhaven, and gave 

 the British command of Lake 

 Nyasa. The military forces were 

 mobilised with headquarters at 

 Karonga, while the Germans en- 

 deavoured without success to in- 

 duce the Moslems in Nyasaland to 

 rise against the British. 



On Sept. 8, 1914, a British force, 

 working N., attacked the enemy, 

 whose main body had arrived 

 simultaneously to attack Karonga. 

 While attacking it the Germans 

 were put to flight, and later in 

 the same day the two main bodies 

 came into collision, and the German 

 force was routed. In May, 1915, a 

 naval detachment reached the Pro- 

 tectorate, and as reports were 

 received that the Germans were 

 repairing the Hermann von Wiss- 

 mann, a force went to Sphinx- 

 haven on May 30, disabled the 

 steamer, and captured a large sup- 

 ply of stores and ammunition. The 

 subsequent success of the British 

 campaign in East Africa freed the 

 Protectorate from danger. See 

 Africa ; E. Africa, Conquest of. 



Bibliography. British Central 

 Africa, Sir H. H. Johnston, 1897 ; 

 Nyasaland under the Foreign Office, 

 H. L. Duff, 2nd ed. 1906 ; Peace 

 Handbooks No. 95, Nyasaland, pub. 

 H.M. Stationery Office, 1921. 



Nyborg. Port of Denmark, 

 on the E. coast of the island of 

 Funen. Situated 18 m. by rly. 

 S.E. of Odense and one hour by 

 steam ferry from Korsor in. Zea- 

 land, it has a deep and spacious 

 harbour, and exports cereals. It 

 has a Gothic church and an arsenal 

 housed in an old royal residence. 

 Founded in the 12th century, 



Edgar W. Nye, 

 American humorist 



58O8 



Nyborg became an important town 

 and was a fortress until 1867. 

 Here, in 1659, the Swedes were de- 

 feated by the Danes. Pop. 8,500. 



Nye, EDGAK WILSON (1850-96). 

 American humorist, better known 

 as Bill Nye. Born at Shirley, 

 Maine, Aug. 

 ^25, 1850, he 

 was admitted 

 to the Wyom- 

 ing bar in 1876 

 and became a 

 member of the 

 1 e g i s 1 a ture, 

 post master, 

 and journalist. 

 He first a t- 

 tracted atten- 

 tion by articles which he con- 

 tributed to The Denver Tribune. 

 His chief works are Bill Nye and 

 the Boomerang, 1881 ; Bill Nye's 

 Blossom Rock, 1885; and Comic 

 Histories of the United -States, 

 1894, and of England, 1896. He 

 died Feb. 22, 1896. 



Nyezhin. Town of W. Russia. 

 It is in the govt., and 40 m. S.E., 

 of Chernigov, on the river Oster 

 and the Kiev-Kursk- Voronezh rly. 

 There are breweries, tanneries, and 

 a large trade in tobacco, which is 

 extensively cultivated in the neigh- 

 bourhood. Pop. 52,000. . 



Nyiregyhaza. Town of Hun- 

 gary. It is an important rly. 

 junction 31 m. by rly. N.N.E. of 

 Debreczen, and is noted for its 

 wines and for its chemical indus- 

 try based on the salt extracted 

 from marshes near. Pop. 38,000. 



Nyitra. Town in the Slovakia 

 div. of the Czecho-Slovak Repub- 

 lic, now known as Nitra, formerly 

 in the kingdom of Hungary. It is 

 on the Nyitra, 23 m. N. of Erse- 

 kujvar by rly., and is an impor- 

 tant road junction on the N.E. of 

 the Little Alf old. It is the seat of 

 a bishop and is set amid vineyards. 

 Pop. 16,400. 



Nykoping. Port of Sweden, 

 capital of the Ian or govt. of Soder- 

 manland. Situated on a bay of the 

 Baltic 52 m. direct (100 m. by rly.) 

 S.W. of Stockholm, it has a good 

 harbour and a ruined castle, de- 

 stroyed by the populace in 1317. 

 Nykoping has cloth and engine fac- 

 tories and exports grain and iron ore. 

 One of the most ancient towns in 

 the country, 15 national diets were 

 held here in the 13th-15th cen- 

 turies. Pop. 11,200. 



Nymph. In classical mythology, 

 a localised nature spirit, regarded 

 as a minor deity. There were 

 different classes of nymphs ; sea 

 and water nymphs, such as the 

 Oceanids, the Nereids, and the 

 Naiads ; Oreads, or mountain- 

 nymphs ; Dryads and Hama- 

 dryads, ox tree-nymphs. They 



had no temples, but offerings were 

 made to them of milk and honey 

 in grottoes, at fountains, trees, etc. 

 Anyone meeting a nymph became 

 frenzied. In art, nymphs were 

 represented as beautiful maidens, 

 at first fully clothed, but subse- 

 quently naked. 



Nymphaeaceae. Natural order 

 of aquatic, perennial herbs. Na- 

 tives of the temperate and tropi- 

 cal regions of the world, they 

 have stout creeping rootstocks, 

 and mostly floating leathery leaves. 

 The flowers are solitary, with three 

 or six sepals, three or more petals 

 (often numerous), and many 

 stamens. It includes the sacred 

 bean (Nelumbium), water lilies 

 (Casta.Ha, Nymphaea and Victoria), 

 etc. See Water Lily. 



Nyren. Name of two English 

 cricketers. Richard Nyren came of 

 a Scottish family, originally Nairn. 

 He was settled in Hampshire by 

 about 1750 when he founded the 

 Hambledon club (see Hambledon). 

 He kept the Bat and Ball Inn, on 

 Broad Halfpenny, and looked after 

 the adjoining ground. Left-handed 

 and one of the finest bowlers of his 

 day, he was also a good batsman. 

 His son John (1764-1837), besides 

 being a cricketer of repute, wrote 

 The Young Cricketer's Tutor, com- 

 prising full directions for Playing 

 the Elegant and manly Game of 

 Cricket, 1833. John died at Brom- 

 ley, June 30, 1837. See Cricket. 



Nystad. Town and seaport of 

 Finland. Called in Finnish 



Uusikaupunki, it is in the dist. of 

 Abo-Bjorneborg, on the Gulf of 

 Bothnia, 40 m. N.W. of Abo. 

 It has a good harbour and docks, 

 and a considerable trade. The port 

 has direct connexion with the 

 Aaland Islands. The peace of Ny- 

 stad, 1721, gave Russia extensive 

 Baltic territories. Pop. 5,000. 



Nystagmus. Oscillating move- 

 ment of the eyeball, usually lateral, 

 but sometimes vertical or rotatory. 

 The most frequent form is coal- 

 miner's nystagmus, which is due 

 primarily to working in a dim light. 

 It improves if work in the mine is 

 given up. Miners working in open 

 mines to which daylight penetrates 

 do not contract nystagmus. It 

 is a symptom of various nervous 

 disorders, particularly the affection 

 known as disseminated sclerosis. 

 Nystagmus following disease of 

 the nervous system is practkally 

 incurable. See Eye. , 



Nyx. In Greek mythology, the 

 personification of night, called Nox 

 by the Romans. She was the 

 daughter of Chaos, the primal 

 void, and mother of Aether (Hea- 

 ven) and Hemera (Day). She is 

 represented as a winged goddess 

 in a chariot. 



