OCHRE 



5820 



O'CONNOR 



he was suggested by Andrew Gem- 

 mels, a native of Old Cumnock, 

 who fought at Fontenoy, and after- 

 wards assumed the blue gown of 

 the bedesman. 



Ochre. Mineral paint consisting 

 chiefly of hydrated iron oxide. 

 From red to yellow in colour, it is a 

 clay, and the variation in colour 

 depends largely on the proportion 

 of iron oxide present, though also 

 to some extent on the clay base 

 and impurities. Ochres are found 

 in Oxfordshire and other parts 

 of England, France, Germany, 

 the U.S.A., etc. For commercial 

 purposes the ochre is dried, ground, 

 and mixed with oil, the quality of 

 which has an important effect on 

 the quality of the finished product. 

 Calcination produces a definite 

 deeper tone in the ochre, and is 

 often resorted to for that reason. 

 Yellow ochre is most common, but 

 many ochres are now artifically 

 prepared. 



Ochrida OR OKHEIDA. Lake and 

 town of Yugo-Slavia. The lake 

 lies in the S. of Serbia, high among 

 the mts., on the ^HBnHBMK] 

 Albanian frontier. ?. 

 18 m. long by 8 

 m. in breadth, it 

 has a depth of al- 

 most 1,000ft., and 

 is drained by the 

 Black Drin. The 

 ancient Via Egna- 

 tia connected the 

 N. end of the lake 

 with the Adriatic 

 coast by the 

 Skumbi valley 

 The town, situated 

 on the N.E. shore 

 of the lake, is the 

 seat of a Greek 

 Orthodox bishop, 

 by the modern equivalent of the Via 

 Egnatia with Monastir. After the 

 evacuation of Monastir in 1915, the 

 Serbians retreated through Ochrida, 

 which was finally recovered by the 

 Allies in Sept., 1918. Pop. 12,000. 

 Ochterlony, SIR DAVID (1758- 

 1825). British soldier. Born at 

 Boston, U.S.A., Feb. 12, 1758, he 

 entered the service of the E. India 

 Co. in 1777. He 

 saw a good 

 deal of fighting 

 in the Mara- 

 tha and other 

 wars, and won 

 distinction by 

 his defence of 

 Delhi in 1804. 

 His reputation 

 was increased 

 by his success- 

 ful leadership 

 during the war' with the Gurkhas, 

 and it was largely due to him 

 that the ruler of Nepal was forced 



to terms. He served also in the 

 war against the Pindaris. As 

 resident at Rajputana, his action 

 in 1825 led to a rupture with the 

 governor-general, Lord Amherst, 

 and he resigned. He died almost at 

 once at Meerut, July 15, 1825, hav- 

 ing been made a baronet in 1816. 



Ockham OR OCCAM, WILLIAM OF 

 (d. 1349). English Franciscan 

 monk and schoolman, known as 

 the Invincible Doctor. ~ He was 

 born at Ockham, in Surrey, and 

 died at Munich. His defence of 

 Nominalism against Realism gained 

 him the name of Prince of Nomin- 

 alists. One of his chief merits is 

 that he restored induction to its 

 proper place as the handmaid of 

 deduction. 



O'Connell, DANIEL CHARLES 

 (c. 1745-1833). Irish soldier. Born 

 of good family in co. Kerry, he en- 

 tered the French army in 1770. 

 With the Irish brigade he served 

 in the Seven Years' War, in Mauri- 

 tius, and at the siege of Gibraltar, 

 winning the title of count and the 

 rank of oolbnel. In 1792 he took 



Ochrida, Serbia. 

 It is connected 



Sir D. Ochterlony, 

 British soldier 



Afler Devii 



Monastery of S. John overlooking the lake 



the side of the Bourbons, and, hav- 

 ing sought refuge in London, he 

 proposed to form an Irish brigade 

 to serve against the republic. The 

 scheme, however, failed. He re- 

 turned to France after the peace of 

 Amiens in 1802, and lived there 

 until his death, July 9, 1833. The 

 Liberator was his nephew. 



O'Connell, DANIEL (1775-1847). 

 Irish leader, known as the Liberator. 

 Born near Cahirciveen, co. Kerry, 

 Aug. 6, 1775, he was educated at 

 the ' English Colleges at St. Omer 

 and Douai, studied at Lincoln's 

 Inn, 1794-96, and was called to the 

 Irish bar, 1798. Starting in 1803 

 on his long struggle for Catholic 

 emancipation, by 1808 he had be- 

 come the virtual leader of the 

 movement in Ireland. In 1815 he 

 killed in duel a Dublin tradesman 

 named D'Esterre, and in 1820 a 

 duel with Sir Robert Peel, arranged 

 to take place in Ostend, was pre- 

 vented by O'Connell's arrest and 

 his being bound over in London. 



v^ 



AfterT. Carried ^^-^t 



In 1823 O'Connell founded the 

 Catholic Association (q.v.), and in 

 1826 the Order of Liberators, 

 which was to prevent secret so- 

 cieties, feuds, and riots, protect the 

 rights of franchise holders, and 

 generally unite Irishmen of all 

 classes for the common good. 



His election as M.P. for co. 

 Clare, 1828, and his refusal to take 

 the oath, had their influence in the 

 passage of the Catholic Relief Bill, 

 1829, and, re-elected unopposed, he 

 took his seat in Feb., 1830. Before 

 long he started his struggle for 

 the repeal of the legislative union, 

 and came to a working arrange- 

 ment with the Whigs in 1835. The 

 Repeal Association was founded in 

 1840, the powerful Nation news- 

 paper in 1842, and in 1843 came 

 O'Connell's famous monster meet- 

 ings all over Ireland. A great 

 gathering fixed for Clontarf was 

 proclaimed, and O'Connell was 

 arrested and tried for sedition. - He 

 was fined 2,000, and sentenced to 

 one year's imprisonment, but the 

 sentence was reversed by the 

 House of Lords, 1844. He sup- 

 ported Lord John Russell's min- 

 istry, 1846 ; but ill-health and 

 increasing party dissensions in 

 Ireland clouded his genius. He 

 died at Genoa, May 15, 1847. See 

 Catholic Emancipation ; Ireland ; 

 Ireland : History ; consult also 

 Daniel O'Connell, R. Dunlop, 1900; 

 Leaders of Public Opinion in Ire- 

 land, W. E. H. Lecky, vol. ii, 1903. 



O'Connor, FEARGUS EDWARD 

 (1794-1855). Irish agitator and 

 Chartist. The son of Roger 

 O'Connor, one of the United Irish- 

 men, he was born July 18, 1794, 

 educated at Trinity College, Dublin, 

 and entered Parliament in 1832 

 as M.P. for co. Cork. In 1835 he 

 was unseated on petition, and 



