O'CONNOR 



FeuKui O'Connor. 

 Iriih agitator 



In 1847 he was 



Ins .nil', ill, . 1" Kll,' 



liiinl, where he became leader of 



tin- ( 'it.irl i I m<>\ riii'-iit ;i<lv"i ittin - 



mv> u - I; 

 IKV.. uii.l 



.11 .1 paper, The 

 them Star, 



In. h h. estab- 



lish^ 1 at Leeds. 



O'Connor ad- 



vocated physic- 



al foivr, mill in 



1846 was im- 



prisoned for 



seditious libel. 



!< ted M.P. for Nottingham, and 



in 1848 he presided over the great 



Chartist demonstration at Ken- 



nington. Found to be insane in 



1852, he died in London, Aug. 30, 



1855. Sec Chartism. 

 O'Connor, THOMAS POWER (b. 



(848). Irish journalist and poli- 



tician. Horn at Athlone Ireland, 

 Oct. 5, 1848, 

 and educated at 

 Athlone and 

 Queen's College, 

 Galway, he be- 

 came a reporter 

 on Saunders's 

 Newsletter, 

 Dublin, in 1867. 

 He joined the 

 staff of The 



Dailv Tele - 



graph in 1870, 

 "" and founded 



and edited The Star, The Sun, The 

 Weekly Sun, M. A. P., T. P. 's Weekly, 

 and other journals, in which he did 

 much to popularise literary study. 

 A fluent and picturesque writer and 

 a ready and witty speaker, he wrote a 

 biography of Lord Beaconsfield.and 

 books on The Parnell Movement and 

 Gladstone's House of Commons. .. , 



Nationalist M.P. for Galway in 

 1880, he was returned for the 

 Scotland div. of Liverpool in 1885, 

 and was still representing that con- 

 stituency in 1925. President of the 

 United Irish League of Great 

 Britain since 1806, he became 

 chairman of tho censorship board 

 of British film makers, 1917. He 

 was made a privy councillor, 1924. 



Oconto. City of Wisconsin, 

 U.S.A., the co. seat of Oconto co. 

 It stands on Green Bay at the 

 mouth of the Oconto river, 143 m. 

 N. of Milwaukee, and is served by 

 the Chicago, Milwaukee and 8t 

 Paul, and the Chicago and North* 

 Western rlys. Oconto was incor- 

 porated in 1882. Pop. 4.900. 



Octans. Constellation which 

 surrounds the Southern Pole. It is 

 of considerable extent, but its 

 stars are faint. The Southern Pole 

 star, Sigma Octantis, is between 

 Gfth and sixth magnitude. See 

 Constellation. 



8621 



Octave (Lat. octavu*, eighth) 

 Word used in several MOMS. (1) 

 In music, an interval of 8 scale 

 tops, and the aeoond not* of the 

 harmonic aerie*. It u a perfect 

 consonance, and the upper note ol 

 an octave bean the MOM alphabeti- 

 cal name M the lower note. An 

 organ stop of 4 -ft. pitch on the 

 manual* and of 8- ft. pitch on the 

 pedals it called an octave. (2) In 

 literature, the Brat two quatrain* of 

 the sonnet, written on the same 

 pair of rhymes, are termed the 

 octave, and the word is applied 

 less technically to any stanza of 

 eight lines. (3) In ecclesiastical 

 terminology, an octave is the 

 fiL-tith day after a festival, the 

 feast day itself being reckoned as 

 the first. See Organ. 



Octave Flnte. Small flute 

 sounding an octave higher than the 

 ordinary flute. See Piccolo. 



Octavia (d. 11 B.O.). Sister of 

 Octavian, afterwards the Roman 

 emperor Augustus, and wife, first 

 of C. Marceltus, by whom she was 

 the mother of Marcus Maroellus 

 (/.'.>. and secondly of Antony, the 

 triumvir. The desertion of Octavia 

 by Antony for Cleopatra was an 

 important factor in causing the 

 war between Octavian and Antony. 



Octavo (Lat. octo, eight). Term 

 used in connexion with the size of 

 books. An octavo or 8vo. volume 

 is one in which the sheets have been 

 cut into eight. The size of a page is 

 usually about 5 ins. by 9} ins., but 

 royal octavo is somewhat larger. 

 See Book. 



Octet (Lat. octo, eight). Musical 

 composition for eight performers. 

 The term is sometimes applied to 

 a double quartet, but belongs 

 properly to a work in which the 

 eight instruments are treated inde- 

 pendently. Schubert wrote a famous 

 one for clarinet, horn, and bassoon, 

 with two violins, viola, violoncello, 

 and double bass. Gade, Svendsen, 

 and Mendelssohn wrote octets for 

 strings alone, and Beethoven left 

 one, called Grand Octuor (Op. 103). 

 for two hautboys, two clarinet? 

 two horn , and two bassoons. 



October (Lat. octo, eight). 

 Eighth month of the old Roman 

 and tenth of the Christian calen- 

 dar. For short periods it wa> 

 eiven different names in honour of 

 Roman emperors, e.g. Domitianus, 

 in honour of Domitian ; and In- 

 viotus (unconquered), in allusion 

 to the athletic prowess ot Com 

 modus. It was also called tem- 

 porarily Faustinus, in honour ol 

 Faustina, wife of the emperor 

 Antoninus Pius. The Anglo-Saxons 

 called October Winter-fylleth (win- 

 ter full moon), from the supposed 

 beginning of winter with the 

 October full moon. See Calendar. 



OCTOPUS 



Octobrist Party. 



Klitxal party. Officially called the- 

 lion of October 17, because it 



supported the principles contained 

 in the uar's manifesto of Oct. 17 

 1905. promising a con 

 *t it ut ion and guarantees of liberty. 

 the party originated at the Moscow 

 ace in Nov., 1905. A small 

 party originally, it supported 

 Witte's policy. In the third Duma 

 the OotobrisU were the largest 

 party. They supported the govern- 

 ment's repromive |x>licy during tin- 

 Great War, and in 1916 formed part 

 of the central bloc tiee Duma 

 Russia ; Witt. , Count. 



Octodon. Generic name of a 

 rodent mammal known as the degu. 

 In form it i like a common rat, i> 

 about 8 ins. in length, and ha* 

 yellowish-brown fur, mottled with 

 black, on the upper parts, and 

 yellowish below. It occurs in 

 Chile and Peru. The family Octo 

 dontidae includes about 27 genera. 



Octopus (Gr. and Lat oclo. 

 eight ; poiu, foot). Genus of cepha- 

 lopodous (head-footed) molluscs. 

 There are numerous species, the 

 common octopus (0. vulgarit] 

 occurring round the 8. British 

 coasts. It has a rounded bag-like 

 body, with a large head bearing 

 eight long " arms " or tentacle.- 

 thickly studded with suckers. It 

 is greyish brown in colour, with 

 numerous tubercles on the skin. 

 and it can alter its hue considerably 

 to suit its surroundings. When 

 irritated, it becomes dark, and 

 large tubercles rise on the skin. 

 The mouth is provided with a horny 

 beak resembling that of a parrot. 

 The round eyes are prominent and 

 taring 



The octopus lurks in holes in the 

 rocks and crawls on the sea bottom 

 in search of the crustaceans and bi 

 valves on which it chierlv fw<l > : hiit 



Octopus vulcans creeping forward : 



top. turned on its side, showing 



tentacle* studded with rockers 



