OLDFIELD 



5835 



OLD MORTALITY 



Anne Oldfield, 

 English actress 



trade in agricultural produce. 

 < Hil'-nliurK became a fortilied town 

 in tin- li'tli century and gave- it* 

 narao to the county, alt. i \\.irds the 



nillcl dlldiy. !'.>[). :tO,000. 



Oldfield, As SK OR NANCE (li;s:{ 

 IT.'tii). English aotreM. Introduced 

 t<> tin- stage by Farquhar and Van- 

 brugh, she tii-t 

 attracted utton- 

 tion at Drury 

 Lane by her 

 creation of two 

 comedy rdles, 

 Lady Betty 

 Modish in Col- 

 ley C i b b e r 1 s 

 Careless Hus- 

 band, and Bid- 

 dy Tipkin in 

 Steele's Tender Husband. She 

 played original parts in Addison's 

 Cato, Rowe'a Jane Shore and Lady 

 Jane Grey, and Thomson's Sophon- 

 isba. She died Oct. 23, 1730. A 

 comedy by Charles Reade, entitled 

 Nance Oldfield, was produced at 

 The Olympic, Feb. 24, 1883. 



Oldfield, JOSIAH. British phy- 

 sician. Born at Shrewsbury and 

 educated at Oxford University, he 

 early took an 

 interest in the 

 abolition of 

 capital punish- 

 ment and the 

 advocacy of 

 fruitarian diet. 

 He founded 

 the Society for 

 the Abolition 

 of Capital Josiah OldHeld, 

 Punishment, , British physician 

 1901, and union* FT, 



wrote The Ideal Diet in Relation 

 to Real Life, 1892 ; Tuberculosis, 

 or Flesh-eating a Cause of Con- 

 sumption, 1897; The Penalty of 

 Death, 1901. 



Old Forge. Bor. of Pennsyl- 

 vania, U.S.A., in Lackawanna co. 

 It stands on the Lackawanna 

 river, 5 m. S.W. of Scranton, and 

 is served by the Delaware, Lacka- 

 wanna, and Western rly. It manu- 

 factures silk, chemicals, and glass, 

 and has a large trade in anthracite, 

 mined in the neighbourhood. Old 

 Forge was settled in 1830, and in- 

 corporated in 1899. Pop. 12,200. 



Oldham. Mun. and co. borough 

 of Lancashire, England. It stands 

 on the Medlock, 6 m. from Man- 

 chester, with stations on the 

 L. & N.W., G.C., 

 and L. & Y. Rlys. 

 It is also served 

 by a canal. The 

 principal build- 

 ings are the town 

 hall, a copy of the 

 temple of Deme- 

 ter, near Athens, 

 Oldham arms art gallery and 



museum, county court, and port 

 office. The Lyceum contain* an 

 observatory. There are a number of 

 modern churches, and the school* 

 inclinli- te, Imical schools, a blue- 

 coat school, and the Hulme 

 Grammar School. The town i* a 

 centre of the cotton manufacture, 

 especially the spinning branch. In 

 addition machinery, velvets, silks, 

 sateens, and other textiles are made. 

 Around are coal mines. Alexandra 

 Park is a recreation ground. 

 arc held, and the Oldbam Wakes, 

 held at the end of Aug., are a 

 feature of the town. In the 17th 

 century Oldham became a manu- 

 facturing centre and at one time 

 its chief product was hate. About 

 1790 the manufacture of cotton 

 was introduced, and with the 

 opening of the coalfield the town 

 grew enormously. It began to send 

 two members to Parliament in 

 1832, but was not made a corporate 

 town until 1841. Market days, 

 Mon. and Sat. Pop. (1921) 145,000. 



Oldham, JOHN (1653-83). Eng- 

 lish poet. Born near Tetbury, in 

 Gloucestershire, Aug. 9, 1653, and 

 educated at S. 

 Edmund Hall, 

 Oxford, he was 

 for a brief pe- 

 riod a school- 

 master and 

 tutor, and was 

 then befriend- 

 ed by the earl 

 of Kingston, at 

 whose place, 

 Holme Pierre- 

 point, in Not- 

 tinghamshire, he died of small-pox, 

 Dec. 9, 1683. Oldham's reputation 

 rests chiefly on his satires, especially 

 Satires upon the Jesuits, 1681. 

 These, though rugged in versifica- 

 tion, are interesting as being the 

 lineal predecessors of some of the 

 satirical writings of Pope. 



Oldhill. District of Stafford- 

 shire, England. It is 3 m. from 



John Oldham, 

 English poet 



A/ttr Dolnon 



Oldbam, Lancashire. Parish cbuich 

 ol S. Peter, built in 1754 



Dudley, with a station on the Q.W. 

 and I/ \ X.W. Klyn. It sUnds on 

 a coalfield and in MM Birmingham 

 area, and the chief industry is the 

 manufacture of hardware. Pop. 

 1 1,600. 



Old Jewry. London street. 

 Ix-adin^' \. from Poultry to 

 mi Street, K.C., and known 

 in 1181 as The Jewry, and later as 

 i '..I. . Inn. h Lane and Sakfrerelane, 

 it was once a Jewish quarter. In 

 1641 Sir Robert Clayton built a 

 house here, which became the first 

 home of the London Institution in 

 1806, and was taken down in 1863. 

 The headquarters of the city police 

 were here until removed to Moor 

 Lane in 1917. 



Old Maid. Simple card game. 

 The cards an dealt out in the usual 

 way to the players, of whom there 

 is no specific number, the queen of 

 hearts alone being reserveo. Each 

 player discards all the pairs in his 

 hand. This done, the dealer offers 

 his cards, face downwards, to the 

 one next him, who selects one, 

 and if possible uses it to discard 

 another pair. This process con- 

 tinues until all the cards have been 

 discarded except an odd queen. 

 The holder of this is the old maid. 

 Another name for the game is the 

 black lady. 



Old Man OR LAD'S LOVE. 

 Popular name for southernwood 

 (Artemisia abrotanum). See Arte- 

 misia ; Southernwood. 



Old Man Cactus (Pilocereus 

 senilia). Succulent perennial herb 

 of the natural order Cactaceae. 

 A native of Mexico and Guatemala, 

 it has a fluted cylindrical stem 

 from 20 to 25 ft. high, the ridges 

 bearing tufts of long white spines 

 and long white hairs. 



Old Man of the Sea, THE. 

 Character in The Arabian Nights' 

 Entertainments (9.1'.). In his fifth 

 voyage Sindbad the Sailor, having 

 been wrecked, assists a helpless old 

 man by carrying him on his back. 

 The old man twines his legs round 

 Sindbad's neck and cannot be dis- 

 lodged untilhe has been made drunk. 



Old Masters. Term applied to 

 painters of a bygone age, and of 

 established reputations; also used 

 of the works produced by them. 

 See Art ; Painting. 



Old Mortality. First of Scott's 

 Tales of My Landlord (" arranged 

 by Jedediah Cleishbotham, school- 

 master and parish-clerk of Gander- 

 cleugh"), and fourth of the 

 Waverley novels. It was published 

 with The Black Dwarf in Dec., 

 1816. The title was suggested by 

 the hobby of Robert Paterson, a 

 stone-cutter who wandered about 

 Scotland for some forty years re- 

 pairing the graves of the Cove- 

 nanters, of whose fiery zeal the 



