ONTOLOGY 



5848 



ONUS 



the bond held, and in 1867 it 

 formed the basis of the new Fede- 

 ration. Upper Canada then took 

 the name of Ontario. See Canada 

 Ontology (Gr. logos, theory ; 

 ontos, of that which is). The science 

 of being as being, the investiga- 

 tion of its properties and relations, 

 and of the ultimate principle of 

 the physical and intellectual world. 

 It is sometimes used as synony- 

 mous with metaphysics, of which, 



ONTARIO 



English Miles 



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fall into Hudson Bay, but some join 

 the Ottawa and others run into the 

 Great Lakes. 



Ontario was peopled largely by 

 loyalists who left the U.S.A. after 

 the War of Independence, and 

 loyalty to the Empire has always 

 been strong. The chief industry is 

 agriculture, about 14,000,000 acres 

 being under cultivation. Wheat, 

 barley, and oats are grown in great 

 quantities; milk, butter, and 

 cheese are produced ; cattle, sheep, 

 and poultry are reared. Tobacco 

 and fruit are also grown, especially 

 in the Lakes Peninsula. The prov. 

 produces a greater value of minerals 

 than any other part of Canada. 

 The chief are silver, nickel, and 

 copper, while gold, petroleum, and 

 iron are also found. Extensive 

 fisheries exist in the lakes and 

 rivers, and much lumber is cut. 

 Transport is served by a network 

 of rlys., rivers, and canals, and 

 Niagara and other falls provide the 

 industries with an.abundant supply 

 of electric power. 



Ontario sends 82 members to the 

 House of Commons at Ottawa. 

 Local government, including the 

 control of education and the rais- 

 ing of a certain revenue, is managed 

 by a cabinet, responsible to a legis- 

 lature one chamber of 111 mem- 

 bers. A lieutenant-governor repre- 

 sents the crown. The chief religious 

 denominations are the Methodists, 

 Presbyterians, Anglicans, and R.C. 



Ontario 01 Upper Canada. Map of the most populous province of Canada, lying 

 between Hudson Bay and the Great Lakes 



Religious rivalry has always been 

 rather keen, owing partly to the 

 public lands acquired by the Church 

 of England in 1791, and to the de- 

 mands of the Roman Catholics for 

 separate schools. In 1854 the clergy 

 reserves were secularised, and in 

 1863 the Roman Catholics obtained 

 their schools. 



Before 1782, when land in On- 

 tario was given to the loyalists 

 from the U.S.A., the white popu- 

 lation comprised only a few 

 hunters. Kingston was then 

 founded, and for a few years the 

 country was administered from 

 Quebec. In 1791 Upper Canada 

 was made a separate province, and 

 its affairs controlled for some time 

 by a small group called the family 

 compact. In 1837 there was a 

 rebellion against the existing order, 

 and in 1841 the two Canadas were 

 united. In spite of the troubles 



however, it is in reality a part. 

 The ontological proof of the exis- 

 tence of God concludes, from the 

 conception which we ourselves 

 have of an infinitely perfect being, 

 that such a being must necessarily 

 exist. See Metaphysics. 



Onus (Lat., burden). Legal 

 term generally used in the phrase 

 onus probandi, burden of proof. 

 The rule is that he who affirms 

 must prove ; and in the course of a 

 case the onus of proof often shifts 

 from one party to another. Thus 

 in an action for libel, with a defence 

 denying publication and pleading 

 that the libel is true, first the onus 

 is on the plaintiff to prove that the 

 defendant published the words 

 complained of, and that they are 

 defamatory of him, the plaintiff. 

 Then the onus shifts to the defen- 

 dant ; and it is for him to prove 

 that the words are true. 



