ORDERLY 



5867 



ORDNANCE 



the end of the nineteenth century, 

 owing to the maun of new legUla- 

 tion, the custom sprang up of 

 drafting Ai-ta of Parliament in 

 very general terms, . 

 extensive powers to ministries to 

 fiM-nmliite tin- details a* they 

 thought bent, mid IMITV tin-in out 

 by isMiing ordera-in-roun.-il. 



Orderly. Name given in tho 

 Untish army to a private soldier 

 who serves as a messenger, at t. n.l 

 ant, or in a like capacity. Orderlies 

 are attached to the headquarters of 

 battalions, brigades, etc., for tln><- 

 purposes; others are in attend- 

 ance on officers for similar dutii .<. 

 A squadron, company, and battery 

 has its orderly serjeant and orderly 

 corporal, and military hospitals 

 have hospital orderlies. The or- 

 derly officer is the name given \ 

 the subaltern who is on duty for 

 the day. 



Ordinal Numbers. Name given 

 to those words used to indicate the 

 position of something in a sequence. 

 First, second, third, etc., are ordinal 

 numbers. One, two, three, etc., are 

 called cardinal numbers, though the 

 latter are also used as ordinals, e.g. 

 in numbering the pages of a book. 



Ordinance ( Fr. ordonnance ), 

 Edict issued by authority. Specifi- 

 cally, the term is applied in Great 

 Britain to an Act of Parliament not 

 sanctioned by all three estates of 

 the realm, e.g. the self-denying 

 ordinance (q.v.) passed by the 

 Long Parliament in 1645 at Crom- 

 well^ instigation. Temporary Acts 

 of Parliament and Acts which are 

 merely declaratory are also called 

 ordinances. The edicts issued by 

 the kings of France from the time 

 of Philip IV until the Revolution in 

 their own name, and having the 

 force of laws, were termed ordon- 

 nances. The ordinances affecting 

 the press and the reconstruction of 

 the Chamber of Deputies issued by 

 Charles X, July 26, 1830, were the 

 immediate cause of the revolution 

 and his enforced abdication, Aug. 2, 

 1830. In its connotation of an esta- 

 blished rule or rite the word ordi- 

 nance is also used, especially by 

 Presbyterians, of the sacraments, 

 as the ordinance of baptism. See 

 Ordainers, Lords. 



Ordinary. In heraldry, the 

 commonest charge. They.are most- 

 ly plain symbols, composed of broad 

 bands. They are among those 

 found on the earliest feudal coats, 

 and by old writers are referred to 

 as the " honourable ordinaries." 

 They are supposed to occupy one- 

 third of the shield, but generally 

 are given rather less space. Most 

 of the ordinaries have "diminu- 

 tives," usually smaller representa- 

 tions of the parent charge. The 

 first diminutive occupies half the 



space of the ordinary, and so they 

 iliiiiiiii-.li liy half at each step. 



The name* of the ordinaries are 

 ehief, pale, or paller. bend, bend 

 sinister, fess or lease, chevron, 

 cross, saltire, quarter, and pile. 



All ordinaries and most of tin n 

 diminutives may be charged, i.e. 

 ornamented with another ordinary, 

 a diminutive, or some other ' 

 and they can also be Mir 

 mounted, ' i.e. another ordinary, 

 or an animal or monster, may be 

 placed over them. On the other 

 hand, an ordinary may surmount 

 some ordinary charge. Most of 

 them may be " voided," i.e. only 

 a border is shown, the tincture of 

 the field showing between. See 

 Heraldry, colour plate. 



Ordinary. In ecclesiastical law, 

 an ecclesiastic who exercises juris- 

 diction within a given district. In 

 England it usually means the 

 bishop of the diocese or his chan- 

 cellor acting by his authority. The 

 expression Ordinary of the Mass 

 means the fixed portion of the 

 service as distinguished from the 

 variable parts such as collects, 

 gospels, etc. proper to special 

 occasions. In common parlance, 

 it is applied to the service generally, 

 with the exception of the canon, 

 which consists of the prayer of con- 

 secration and its adjuncts. See 

 Bishop. 



Ordinate. In mathematics, the 

 length of the straight line drawn 

 from any point parallel to one of a 

 pair of Cartesian coordinate axes, 

 to meet the other axis. See Co- 

 ordinates. 



Ordination. Ecclesiastical rite 

 in which Holy Orders are conferred 

 upon deacons and priests. In the 

 Greek, Roman, and Anglican com- 

 munions the rite includes the laying 

 on of hands by a duly consecrated 

 bishop ; in the Presbyterian 

 churches the ordination is by the 

 Presbytery. The subject is one of 

 great controversy associated with 

 the Apostolic Succession (q.v.). 



Since the beginning of the 17th 

 century the validity of Anglican 

 orders has been contested by the 

 Roman Catholic Church. On Sept. 

 18, 1896, Leo XIII issued a Bull, 

 Apostolicoe Curae, pronouncing 

 that ordinations performed by the 

 Anglican rite have been and are 

 utterly invalid and altogether void; 

 to which Archbishops Temple and 

 Maclagan replied, Feb. 19, 1897. 

 For some 40 years the Anglican 

 succession derived from Matthew 

 Parker (q.v.), and a crucial point 

 of the controversy is the validity 

 of his consecration. 



Deacons and priests are ordained 

 on the four Sundays following 

 the Ember Weeks, the canonical 

 ages being 23 for deacons and 24 



for priest*. Ordination is a sacra- 

 ment in the Greek and Roman 

 chim-hes. See Holy Orders ; Thirty- 

 Nine Articles; consult also the Eng- 

 lish Book of Common Prayer; Or- 

 Im.it iun Problems, H.P.C.K., 1909 



Ordnance. General designation 

 of all gun*, howitzers, and firearms 

 of larger calibre than small arms. 

 Ordnance may be broadly divided 

 into guns and howitzers, the former 

 long weapons throwing a 

 projectile to a great range at a 

 high velocity, and the Utter 

 shorter, of much lighter construc- 

 tion, using a smaller propellant 

 charge, and so imparting only a 

 l< velocity to the projectile, which 

 attains its range by means of a 

 high trajectory. In calibre, the 

 weapons in general use range from 

 about 1 J ins. to 18 ins., but a 20| 

 in. weapon was used during the 

 Great War. Except trench howit- 

 zers and bomb throwers, all modem 

 ordnance are rifled and provided 

 with breech-loading mechanism, 

 but despite the hitter fact are 

 classified as breech -loading (B.L.) 

 and quick-firing (Q.F.). 



The two chief principles on 

 which the barrels of ordnance are 

 constructed are by winding a great 

 length of wire uniformly around 

 the inner tube and shrinking a 

 jacket over it, and by building up 

 the barrel by shrinking several 

 tubes over each other. The great 

 advantage of wire winding is that 

 it enables the bursting strain to be 

 resisted by steel in longitudinal 

 tension instead of transverse, the 

 metal being far more tenacious in 

 this direction. Breech-closing 

 mechanism employs either the 

 principle of an interrupted screw 

 or sliding wedge, but with the bitter 

 perfect sealing cannot be attained, 

 and it is essential that the weapon 

 should employ Q.F. type ammuni- 

 tion, whereas the interrupted 

 screw is applicable to either the 

 B.L. or Q.F. systems, perfect sealing 

 in the former case being obtained 

 by using an obturator. 



In recent times great advances 

 hare been made in absorbing the 

 recoil from ordnance, the systems 

 including spring buffers, air com- 

 pression, and the propulsion of 

 liquids through restricted orifices, 

 or combinations of these. This is 

 a matter of the greatest import- 

 ance, as not only does effective 

 absorption of the recoil result in 

 far less stress being transmitted to 

 the gun mounting, whether a 

 wheeled carriage or a turret fixture, 

 but, in the case of field guns, 

 enables a number of successive 

 shots to be accurately fired at the 

 same target without relaying, as 

 the carriage is not disturbed by 

 the discharge of the piece. Trench 



