ORLEANS 



and XMLS rebuilt liyMarcUM A 



or Aim-linn, aft-i \xlmm it wan 



railed Allli IlilllUIII. Till- d 



of tin- city in still <|iianit mid 

 beautiful, and tin- modern city lias 

 street* and spacious l><>ul<- 

 I'll'- |iiiiu i pal of the*' 



! d'Aiv. 



Tin- eatliedral . . limit 



lit tlif expense nf Uenil IV 111 the 



ITtli eeiitury, w tlie only (Inline 

 eathedrul built ill Kuro|.e MIL-.- tin- 

 Middle Ages. The 14th century 

 ' k |" U ox the choir are i 

 tin- older cathedral, burnt by the 

 Huguenots in 1507. Of tin- other 

 eliur.-he-, (lit; finest is 8. Aignan, 

 \\hieh has beneath it a Romanesque 

 crypt of the 9th century. The hdtcl 

 de ville dates from 144:2, Imt fell 

 into decay until purchased by the 

 eity in 1853, and restored. 



The city is famous for its associa- 

 tion with the name of Joan of Arc 

 and the siege of Orleans, of which 

 the city has many visible mem- 

 These include the house 

 in the Rue du Tabour in which the 

 Maid was supposed to have lived, 

 and which is now a museum of her 

 relics. The equestrian statue of the 

 IHT. >ine was built in the Place du 

 Martroi in 1855. It is surrounded 

 by designs in bronze representing 

 scenes in her life. A cross called la 

 Croix de la Pucelle, opposite the 

 bridge on the left bank of the Loire, 

 also perpetuates her memory. 

 From the cellars of the ruined fort 

 of les Tourelles were fired the can- 

 non with which the English de- 

 fended the city against the advance 

 of Joan's army. The chief manu- 

 factures are vinegar and agricul- 

 tural machinery. Pop. 72,000. 



Orleans, SIEGE OF. English 

 failure during the Hundred Years' 

 War. The English were rapidly 

 conquering France, and on Oct. 12, 

 1428, an English force, about 5,000 

 strong, under the earl of Salisbury, 

 appeared before Orleans. An 

 assault was attempted, but it was 

 a failure, and Salisbury having 

 been killed, a blockade was decided 

 upon. The besiegers, however, 

 were not numerous enough to en- 

 circle the city completely, and the 

 siege dragged on until April. By 

 then Joan of Arc appeared, and 

 having entered Orleans, she led 

 the garrison in a series of attacks 

 on the English positions. One 

 after another were taken, until on 

 May 4, 1429, the besiegers, under 

 SulTolk, abandoned the enterprise 

 In 1503 Orleans, being a Pro- 

 testant stronghold, was besieged 

 by an army under Francis, duke 

 of (iuise, who was assassinated 

 beneath the walls in Feb., 1563. 

 On Oct. 11, 1870, the city was 

 occupied by the Germans They 

 were driven out in Nov., but in 



S877 



Deo. they recovered it, and held it 

 until peace was nude. See Pranoo- 

 Prussian War. 

 Orleans, HOUSE or. Branch of 



tin- II..UM- .,f Hniirbon (?..). The 

 tirst duke of Orleans WM a younger 

 ton of 1'lnlip VI, and the second 

 was Louis, a son of Charles V. 

 The poet, Charles of Orleans, 

 succeeded the latter, and his son 

 became king as Louis XI 1 in 

 1498. The tit !< then lapsed, to be 

 revived in li'c'i'., \\lim Gaaton, a 

 son of Henry IV, was made duke. 

 Hi- died without sons, and tin- 

 next duke was Philip, a son of 

 Louis XIII, whose descendants still 

 1 1 "Id the title, although it is not 

 officially recognized in France. 

 Philip's son was the regent Orleans, 

 and from him it passed to Louis 

 Philippe, who became king of the 

 French in 1830. The king's son 

 was Ferdinand, duke of Orleans, 

 and the latter's grandson was 

 Louis Philippe, duke of Orleans. 

 Louis' father had claimed, on the 

 death of the comte de Chambord 

 in 1883, the headship of the Bour- 

 bons, and to this claim the son suc- 

 ceeded in 1894. See Legitimists; 

 consult Memoirs of the House of 

 Orleans, W. C. Taylor, 1849. 



Orleans, CHARLES, DUKE OF 

 (1391-1465). French poet. Son of 

 that duke of Orleans who was 

 ^^^^^^^^^^ murdered b y 

 the Burgun- 

 dians in 1407, 

 he married his 

 cousin Isa- 

 Pk bella, widow of 

 \ ^ i Richard II of 



} England, in 

 1 Hiti. In 141-i 

 he was taken 

 prisoner, and 

 ransomed in 

 1440, when he returned to France. 

 He ranks as the greatest of the late 

 French medieval poets. His works 

 comprise about 100 ballads and 

 songs, and about 400 rondeau x, 

 marked by delicacy and charm. 

 Charles died at Amboise, Jan. 4, 

 1465. See Familiar Studies of Men 

 and Books, R. L. Stevenson, 1882. 

 Orleans, G ASTON, DUKE or 

 (1608-60). French prince. Son of 

 Henry IV, Jean Baptiste Gaston 

 was born April 25, 1608. He was 

 made duke of Anjou and then 

 duke of Orleans, and was no sooner 

 of age than he began his career as a 

 rebel against the existing political 

 order ; until 1638, when Louis 

 Mil had a son, he was heir to the 

 throne. Richelieu was his special 

 antipathy, but plot after plot only 

 resulted in the discomfiture and 

 exile of the prince. Several times 

 he succeeded in returning, and in 

 1643, when Louis died, had a posi- 

 tion of responsibility, but the out- 



Charles, 

 Duke of Orleans 



ORLEANS 



break of the Fronde recalled him to 

 more congenial oecupu' 

 changing from side to side, he was 

 exiled from Paris, and died at Blow, 

 I'. I.. -2. IMO. 



Orleans, Hcmu Piui.n-n 

 MARIE, PIUMCE or (1867-1901). 

 l'i. U. h prince. The eldest son of 

 Robert, duke of Chartres, and 

 thus a member of the royal family 

 of France, he was born in England, 

 Oct. 16, 1807. He made his mark 

 as a traveller and did much ex- 

 ploring in Asia and Africa. He 

 found the sources of the Irawadi, 

 and his discoveries in Tibet 

 gained him the medal of the Paris 

 Geographical Society. Some 

 I HI MM- remarks about the conduct 

 of the Italian soldiers in Abyssinia 

 led to a duo, between him and the 

 count of Turin, a member of the 

 Italian royal family. The prince 

 died in Assam, Aug. 9, 1901. He 

 wrote several books of travel 



Orleans, HENRIETTA ANNE, 

 Di -i-ii ESS OF (1644-70). English 

 princess. Third daughter of 

 Charles I and 

 Henrietta 

 Maria, she was 

 born at Ex- 

 eter, June 16, 

 1644, secretly 

 conveyed to 

 France in 1646, 

 and educated 

 as a Catholic 

 in Paris. After 

 a visit to Eng- 

 land, 1660, 

 she married 



Duchess of Orleans, 

 English princess 



After lUinard 



Philippe, duke of 



Orleans (1640-1701), in Paris in 

 March, 1661. She attracted the 

 favour of Louis XIV, who sent her 

 to England, 1670, to induce 

 Charles II to conclude the treaty of 

 Dover. On June 30, 1670, twelve 

 days after her return, she died 

 suddenly at St. Cloud, poisoned, 

 it was suspected, by her jealous 

 husband. Sfe Madame : A Life of 

 Henrietta, Duchess of Orleans, J 

 Cartwright, 1894. 



Orleans, Louis PHILIPPE 

 JOSEPH, DUKE or (1747-93). 

 French nobleman, better known as 

 Philippe Ega- 

 lite. Bom at 

 St. Cloud, 

 April 13, 1747. 

 he was son of 

 Louis Philippe 

 d'Orleans, and 

 cousin of Louis 

 XVI. He 

 served in the 

 navy, succeed- 

 ed to the title 

 in 1785, and 

 became known for his dissipated 

 life and democratic ideas. Bitterly 

 disliked by Louis and Marie 

 Antoinette, he supported the 



Philippe Egalite, 

 Duke ol Orleans 



Afltr 



