ORLEANS 



5878 



ORME'S HEAD 



claims of the Tiers fitat (third 

 estate), 1789, entered the National 

 Convention, 1792, and voted for 

 the execution of Louis. Arrested in 

 April, 1793, he was acquitted of 

 conspiracy at Marseilles, but was 

 retried at Paris, and guillotined 

 Nov. 6, 1793. See. Histoire de Louis 

 Philippe Joseph, due d' Orleans, 

 Tournois, 1842. 



Orleans, Louis PHILIPPE 

 ROBERT, DUKE OF (b. 1869). 

 French nobleman, claimant to 

 the crown of the Bourbons. Born 

 at Twickenham, Middlesex, Feb. 6, 

 1869, son of the comte de Paris 

 (1838-94), he was educated at 

 the College Stanislas, Paris. Exiled 

 by the law of 1886, he entered 

 Sandhurst, 1887, and served with 

 the 60th Rifles hi India, 1888-89. 

 In Feb., 1890, having gone to 

 Paris to claim the right of perform- 

 ing a Frenchman's military duties, 

 he was sentenced to two years' 

 imprisonment, but was released in 

 June. In 1896 he married the arch- 

 duchess Maria Dorothea of Austria. 

 An experienced traveller, he pub- 

 lished Une Croisiere au Spitzberg, 

 1905, and Chasses et Chasseurs 

 Arctiques, 1911 (Eng. trans. 1911). 



Orleans, PHILIP I, DUKE OF 

 (1640-1701). French soldier. Son 

 of Louis XIII and Anne of Austria, 

 he was born at St. Germain, Sept. 

 21, 1640, and bore the title of duke 

 of Anjou until 1661. He married 

 in 1661 Henrietta, daughter of 

 Charles I of England, and in 

 1671 Charlotte Elizabeth of Ba- 

 varia. He fought in Flanders, 

 1667, in Holland, 1672, and was 

 in command at the victory over 

 the prince of Orange near Cassel, 

 1677. He incurred the jealousy of 

 Louis XIV by his military successes, 

 but was present later at the sieges 

 of Mons, 1691, and Namur, 1692. 

 He died at St. Cloud, June 9, 

 1701. See Orleans, Henrietta of; 

 consult also A Prince of Pleasure: 

 Philip of France and his Court, H. 

 Stokes, 1913. 



Orleans, PHILIP II, DUKE o^ 

 (1674-1723). Regent of France. 

 Son of Philip, duke of Orleans, 

 and so a near 

 kinsman of 

 Louis XIV, he 

 was born Aug. 

 4, 1674. He be- 

 came a soldier, 

 and served in 

 Flanders, and 

 afterwards in 

 Italy and Spain. 

 He was a promi- 

 nent figure 

 among those 

 who, after a succession of deaths hi 

 the royal family, tried to seize the 

 reins of government in view of the 

 king's approaching end. Louis XIV 



Philip II, 

 Ouke of Orleans 



After J. B. Sanlerre 



named him hi his will as president 

 of the council of regency, but he 

 wanted more than this titular office, 

 and, assured of popular support, 

 boldly seized the supreme power 

 and ruled France until his death. 

 Dec. 23, 1723. 



Orleans introduced a number of 

 desirable domestic reforms, struck 

 hard at the influence of the Jesuits, 

 and in other ways showed a desire 

 to do well for France. But he was 

 not the man to cope with the state 

 of affairs ; the finances were in 

 chaos, and the schemes of John 

 Law (q.v.) made matters worse. In 

 foreign affairs the regent was hostile 

 to Spain. Orleans was a dissolute 

 man in a dissolute age, and his 

 name is almost a byword for 

 excesses of every kind. Yet he 

 had marked abilities, loved music, 

 studied chemistry and philosophy, 

 and both as an orator and a soldier 

 was more than mediocre. See 

 France under the Regency, J. B. 

 Perkins, 1892. 



Orloff. Name of a Russian 

 family. Its first prominent member 

 was Grigorei Ivanovitch (1734-83). 

 Having distin- 

 guished himself 

 in the Seven 

 Years' War, he 

 attracted the 

 favourable no- 

 tice of the grand 

 duchess Cather- 

 ine, and was the 

 leading spirit in 

 the conspiracy 

 to place this 

 princess on the throne hi 1762. He 

 afterwards lost favour at the court, 

 chiefly owing to the rise of Potem- 

 kin, and died mad. 



His brother, 

 Alexis (1737- 

 1809), began life 

 as a simple soldier. 

 He was a man of 

 great courage and 

 audacity, and was 

 one of the assas- 

 sins of Peter III in 

 1762. He was cre- 

 ated an admiral in 

 1768 and defeated 

 the Turks at 

 Chesme. In 1796 

 he was exiled by 

 Paul I. His ne- 

 phew, Grigorei 

 Vladimirovitch 



E. A. Ormerod, 



in 1833 he persuaded the Sultan 

 to sign the peace of Unkiar- 

 Skelessi. His son, Nikolai Alexie- 

 vitch (1827-85), after distinguish- 

 ing himself at the siege of Silistria 

 in 1854, in 1860 became ambassa- 

 dor at Brussels, and from 1872-80 

 was ambassador in Paris and 

 Vienna. See Gatshina. 



Ormerod, ELEANOR ANNE 

 (1828-1901). British entomol- 

 ogist. Born at Sedbury, Glouces- 

 tershire, she 

 early took up 

 the study of 

 insect life 

 From 1882-92 

 she was consult- 

 ant to the Royal 

 Agricultural So- 

 ciety, and was 

 the first woman 



British entomologist to receive the 

 muou & Fry degree of LL.D. 

 at Edinburgh University. She pub- 

 lished A Manual of Injurious 

 Insects, 1881 ; Guide to Methods of 

 Insect Life, 1884. She died July 19, 

 1901. Her autobiography was pub- 

 lished in 1904. 



Ormesby. Suburb of Middles- 

 brough, Yorkshire, England It 

 has a station on the N. E. Rly. The 

 chief building is the Norman church 

 of S. Cuthbert, and the main indus- 

 tries are the coal mines and iron 

 and steel works of this region. For- 

 merly a separate village, it was made 

 part of Middlesbrough in 1913. 

 Ormesby is also the name of one r 

 the Norfolk Broads. See Broads. 



Orme's Head, GREAT AND 

 LITTLE. Promontories, 4 m. apart, 

 on the coast of N. Wales, in the 

 N.E. of Carnarvonshire. Llandud- 

 no is on the bay between them. 



Orme's Head, North Wales. View of the Great Orme, 

 from the pier at Llandudno 



(1777-1826), was a scholar, who The Little Orme is a limestone 



chiefly devoted himself to history, height rising sheer from the sea, 



politics, and literature. With him and its caves can only be reached 



died the legitimate male branch by boat. The Great Orme is flat 



of the family. Alexis Fedorovitch topped, a road specially constructed 



(1787-1861) distinguished him- hi 1879 encircles it, and a funi- 



self hi the Napoleonic wars. After cular rly. gives access to the sum- 



concluding the treaty of Adrianople, mit. A lighthouse with group 



Sept. 14, 1829, he went as a pleni- occulting light is 325 ,ft. above 



potentiary to Constantinople, and high water. 



