ORMISTON 



Ormiston. Village and pariah of 

 HaddiiiKtonshire, Scotland. It w 

 on th.-Tyn.>. I'.' in. from K,l in burgh. 

 Tin- i-lii.-f ..,-,n|,. ,!,,,!, in in the sur- 

 rounding coal mines. Pop. 1,600. 



Ormolu (Fr. or, gold; maulu, 



rund). One of the brass alloys, 

 generally consist* of copjuT 

 58 parts, zinc I'll, ,n,,| tm hi. ami 

 is rm|>l..yi"l in thr |in-|iatiition of 

 email statues, candlesticks, and 

 other articles, and aa the basis of 

 a form of enamel work. In the 

 latter, a design is chiselled in t In- 

 metal and the cavities are tilled 

 with enamel material, which is 

 fused into a solid mass with the 

 metal by heating. Such enamel is 

 styled email cloisonne. The art 

 has long been practised by the 

 Chinese. See Louis Style. 



Ormonde, EARL AND MARQUESS 

 or. Irish titles, held by the family 

 of Butler. The 1st earl was James 

 Butler (c. 1305-37), who married a 

 granddaughter of Edward I. James, 

 2nd earl (1331-82), and James, 4th 

 earl (d. 1452), each held the post 

 of governor of Ireland. The 5th 

 earl, James (1420-61), came to 

 England, was created earl of Wilt- 

 shire in 1449, was high treasurer 

 in 1455 and 1459, but fell with 

 the Lancastrian party. His two 

 brothers, the 6th and 7th earls, 

 were ambassadors in the service of 

 the English crown. On the death of 

 the latter, in 1515, the title fell into 

 abeyance. In 1538 the title was 

 resumed by Piers Butler, cousin 

 of the last earl. Thomas (1532- 

 1614), grandson of Piers, was the 

 10th earl, and a Protestant, aiding 

 Elizabeth in repressing the rebellion 

 in Munster. His kinsman, James 

 (q.v.), the 12th earl, was made 

 marquess in 1642, and duke in 

 1661. (See Kilkenny). 



The dukedom was lost when the 

 2nd duke was attainted in 1715, 

 but on his death in 1745 his brother 

 called himself earl of Ormonde. In 

 1791, after a period during which 

 there was no earl, a relative, John 

 Butler, was declared earl For his 

 son the marquessate was revived in 

 1816. It became extinct in 1820, 

 but was revived in 1825. 



Ormonde, JAMES BUTLER, IST 

 DUKE OF (1610-88). Irish royalist. 

 Born Oct. 19, 1610, he was brought 

 up under James 

 I's wardship, 

 succeeded to 

 the earldom, 

 1632, and was 

 a valuable 

 supporter o f 

 Wentworth in 

 Ireland, 1634- 

 40. From 

 1641-43 he 

 kept the 

 disaffected 



5670 



Irish in check by his able general- 

 hip, and was made lord lieutrn- 

 ..MI. hill. During 1644-46 Or- 

 monde had to face the double 

 oppoiti<.ii ,.f the Catholic rebels 

 and of the parliamentarians ; the 

 terms of a peace with the latter 

 forced his withdrawal from I re- 

 Ian. I. 1647. He returned, 1648. but 

 nft< i defeat retired to France, 1660. 

 Faithful to Charles II in exile, he 

 became duke of Ormonde, 1661, 

 and was lord-lieutenant 1662-49, 

 and again 1677-84. He died July 21, 

 1688. See Life, W. A. H. C. Gard- 

 ner, 1912. 



Ormonde, JAMES BUTLER, 2m> 

 DUKE OF (1665-1746). Irish soldier. 

 Grandson of the 1st duke, he was 

 born at Dublin, 

 April 29, 1665, 

 and succeeded 

 to the 1 1 ii k - 

 dom, 1688. He 

 supported the 

 accession of 

 William of 

 Orange, under 

 whom he 

 fought at the 

 Boyne, 1690, 

 Steenkerk, 

 1692, and Landen, 1693. Lord- 

 lieutenant of Ireland, 1703-7 

 and 1710-13, he also commanded 

 the English armies in Flanders, 

 1712. There he obeyed secret 

 orders to remain inactive, was 

 relieved of his generalship, 1714, 

 and impeached as a supporter of 

 James Stuart, 1715, his estates 

 being confiscated by the crown. 

 Thereafter he lived abroad, com- 

 manded the Spanish fleet organized 

 against England, 1719, and died 

 Nov. 16, 1745. 



Ormskirk. Urban dist. and 

 market town of Lancashire, Eng- 

 land. It is 12 m. from Liverpool, 

 being served by the L. & Y. Rly. 

 The church of SS. Peter and Paul, 

 mainly Perpendicular, has a tower 

 and spire side by side ; it contains 

 the burial vault of the Stanley 

 family, whose former seat, Lathom 

 House, is near. The town has a 1 7th 

 century grammar , , . w 

 school. The chief 

 industries are the 

 making of rope, 

 brewing, and iron- 

 founding. The 

 town is noted for 

 i t s ginger- bread. 

 Market day, 

 Thure. Pop. 7,400. 

 O r mulnm. 

 Book of metrical 

 paraphrases o f 

 the Gospels, with 

 commentary. It 

 was written b y 

 Orm or Ormin, 

 a n Augustinian Ornukirk, La 



ORNAMENT 



monk of N.E. Mercia, late in the 

 12th or early in the 13th century, 

 .ui'l was first printed by R. 31. 

 White in 1862 ; now ed. I'. 

 1878. A copy in MS. is in the Bod- 

 leian at Oxford. 



Ormuz, STRAIT or. Winding 

 passage between the Gulf of Oman 

 and the Persian Gull See Hormuz. 



Orxnnzd, ORMAZD, OB AHUKA 

 MAZDA. In Zoroastrian mythology, 

 a being, or principle, representing 



Orrnuzd fighting the spirit of dark- 

 nen in the form of a winged lion. 

 From a relief found at Periepolis 



light and goodness. He was the 

 elder of the two emanations from 

 the Eternal One ; the second being 

 Ahriman, the spirit of Evil. They 

 are regarded as ever working 

 against each other, every good 

 thing created by Ormuzd at once 

 receiving its equivalent ill from the 

 other, but in the end the victory of 

 Ormuzd is assured. 



Ornain. River of France, a 

 tributary of the Marne. It rises 

 near Neuville, in the dept. of Haut 

 Marne, and flows past Ligny and 

 Bar-le-Duc. Ita chief affluent is the 

 Saulx, and its length is 75 m. 



Ornament. Anything attached 

 to or hung upon the human body 

 for embellishment. Sometimes 



and Cross Tower 



