OSEBERG SHIP 



to the coil on to a second mirror 

 moving synchronously with (ho 

 al. luit on an axis at right angle* 

 tn Unit of the coil ; and thence on 

 to a fixed screen. The spot of 

 light traces out " wave " curves 

 <iiM]M.unilrd of the two dill' fill 

 M'.otinns of the mirrors ; and these 

 curves are repeated so rapidly 

 tluit. owing to the persisfc-ii' < of 

 >. they appear as permanent 

 lines of light on the screen. 



Oseberg Ship. Viking ship 

 discovered in 1904 by G. H. Qua- 

 tftvson, in a grave-mound at One- 

 near Slagen, on the W. coast 

 nf Cliristiania Fiord, Norway. A 

 clinker-built, single-masted vessel 

 of oak, 71 ft. long, with richly 

 carved stem, it was equipped with 

 iron anchor, rope- work, chest, four- 

 wheeled wagon, sleds, and four- 

 poster bedstead. Designed for 

 peaceful navigation in calm waters, 

 it was brought ashore about A.D. 

 850 for use as a woman's grave- 

 chamber. It is now in the Chris- 

 tiania Museum, with a somewhat 

 longer war-galley of the same age, 

 which was found in 1880 at Gok- 

 stad. See Viking. 



Osh. Town of Turkistan. It is 

 in the prov. of Ferghana, 55 m. 

 N.E. of Marghilan, on the river 

 Ak-bura, and is said to have been 

 founded by Alexander the Great. 

 The Throne of Solomon, a mt. in 

 the neighbourhood, is visited by 

 Mahomedan pilgrims. Osh, which 

 consists of two parts, an old town 

 and a newer one, does a trade with 

 China. Pop. 47,000. 



O'Shanassy, SIR JOHN (1818- 

 83). Australian statesman. Born in 

 co. Tipperary, Ireland, he emigrated 

 to Australia in 1839 and settled in 

 Melbourne. A prosperous business 

 man, he entered politics, agitated 

 against the introduction of con- 

 victs, and was one of the foremost 

 promoters of the separation of 

 Victoria from New South Wales, 

 1851. Member of the first Victorian 

 legislative council, he became 

 premier in 1857, remaining in office 

 with brief intervals until 1863. He 

 was knighted in 1874 and died 

 May 6, 1883. 



6'Shaughnessy, ARTHUR WIL- 

 LIAM EDGAR (1844-81). British 

 poet. Born in London, March 14, 

 1844, he obtained a post in the 

 British Museum hi 1861. After 

 wards he became an assistant in the 

 natural history department. He 

 died Jan. 30, 1881. His works 

 include Epic of Women, 1870 . 

 Music and Moonlight, 1874 ; and 

 the posthumous Songs of a Worker. 

 With his wife, Eleanor Marston, 

 whom he married in 1873, he wrote 

 a story, Toyland, 1875, a collection 

 of stories for children. See Life, 

 L C Moulton, 1894. 



5887 



Oshawa. Town of Ontario, 

 Canada. It stands on Lake On- 

 tario, 34 m. from Toronto, and is 

 served by the C.N.R. and C.P.R. 

 It is connected by electric rly. 

 with Toronto. It has a harbour 

 and some small manufactures, and 

 is a market for the produce of the 

 neighbourhood. Pop. 7,400. 



Oshkosh. City of Wisconsin, 

 U.S.A., the co. scat of Winnebago 

 co. It stands on Lake Winnebago, 

 80 m. N.N.W. of Milwaukee, and 

 is served by the Minneapolis, St. 

 Paul, and Sault Ste. Marie and 

 other rlys., and by steamers. Lum- 

 ber products, carriages, wagons, 

 machinery, furniture, tobacco, and 

 flour are manufactured. Oshkosh 

 was settled in 1836, and became a 

 city in 1853. It has been the scene 

 of several disastrous fires, the last 

 in 1875. Pop. 33,200. 



Osiander, ANDREAS (1498- 

 1552). German theologian. He 

 was born at Gunzenhausen, near 

 Nuremberg, Dec. 19, 1498, or- 

 dained in 1520, and became a fol- 

 lower of Luther. In 1549 he became 

 professor of theology at Konigs- 

 berg. He published two treatises, 

 Of the Law and the Gospel, and Of 

 Justification, which involved him 

 hi controversy with Melanchthon. 

 He died Oct. 17, 1552. 



Osier (Salix viminalis). Shrub 

 or tree of the natural order Amen- 

 taceae. A native of Europe and 

 N. Asia, it forms either a bushy 

 shrub or a tree 30 ft. high, growing 

 in wet places. The long, straight 

 branches, used for wickerwork, 

 are polished when mature. The 

 leaves are narrow-lance-shaped, 

 the edges waved but not toothed, 

 and silvery beneath. The catkins, 

 which mature before the leaves, 

 are golden yellow. The purple 

 osier (S. purpurea) does not attain 

 the tree form, and its slender 

 tough twigs have red or purple 

 bark. Several other willows are 

 grown as osiers by keeping the 

 trunk cut close to the ground, and 



Osier, in winter, showing long, 

 straight branches 



so inducing a plentiful annual 

 growth of long slender rods. The 

 osiers are cut in spring, when the 

 bark peels easily, leaving the rods 

 white. See Basket 



OSKOL 



Osimo. City of July, 8 m. 

 from Ancona. It is the ancient 

 Auximum, colonised by the Romans 

 in 157 B.O. Part of the old wall still 

 exists, and there are Roman anti- 

 quities from the site of the ancient 

 forum in the Palazzo Pubblico. 

 The cathedral contains 13th cen- 

 tury sculptures. Silkworm breeding 

 is the local industry. Pop. 6,000. 

 Osiris. Egyptian deity. Origi- 

 nally the local god of Busiru, his 

 worship developed during the Old 

 Kingdom at 

 Abydos, where 

 he was tradi- 

 tionally in- 

 terred. From 

 being con- 

 sidered a vir- 

 tuous bene 

 factor, whence 

 Egypt ob- 

 tained her law 

 and agricul- 

 ture,hebecame, 

 by assimilation 

 with Ra, a sun- 

 god. He was 

 also identified 

 with other 

 gods, '..'/. with 

 Apis as Serapis 

 and with 

 K h o n s the 

 moon-god. The 

 son of earth 

 and sky, he was 

 brother and 

 husband of 

 Isis, and father 

 of Horus. His 

 brother Set, 

 god of darkness, put him in a coffin 

 which he threw into the Nile, and 

 afterwards cut his body into 14 

 pieces and scattered them through 

 Egypt, but Isis collected them with 

 one exception, and either buried 

 them separately or resuscitated 

 Osiris by incantations. He was 

 thus god of resurrection and eternal 

 life, and judge of the dead. The 

 righteous soul became an Osiris. 

 As lord of the underworld he ap- 

 pears with a mummified body, 

 wearing a plumed crown, and asso- 

 ciated with ideas concerning the 

 after life. Ptolemaic temples were 

 erected to him at Canopus and 

 Karnak. See Amenti ; Egypt ; 

 Isis ; Serapis. 



Oskol. Town of Central Rus- 

 sia. It is in the govt., and 80 m. 

 S.E., of Kursk, on the Oskol, a 

 tributary of the Donetz, and the 

 Yelets- Valuiki rly. There are soap, 

 leather, candle, and tobacco fac- 

 tories, and a trade in cereals and 

 cattle. In 1655 it was called Stari 

 (old) to distinguish it from Novi 

 (new) Oskol, 20 in. away on the 

 Bielinkaya, with similar industries. 

 Pop. 17,000. 



Osiris as the moon- 

 god 



from a ilatut in Ike 

 Brilitk MuMtum 



