Ostend. 



Views of the Belgian watering-place. 1. The Port. 

 40ft. above the sea, with Kursaal. 



2. Part of the Digue, a promenade 3 m long and 

 3. Central railway station 



taneously with the attack on Zee- 

 brugge, an attack was made on 

 Ostend under Commodore Hubert 

 Lynes. The two blockships were 

 unable to reach the entrance to 

 the harbour, as the wind changed 

 and the smoke screen lifted. They 

 were blown up just outside. In 

 this operation the destroyer North 

 Star and four launches were lost. 



On the night of May 9-10 a 

 second attempt was made. The 

 Vindictive was used as a block- 

 ship, several hundred tons of con- 

 crete being run into her hull. Air- 

 craft and monitors cooperated, 

 and the heavy British artillery in 

 Flanders directed counter-battery 

 work on the German guns. The 

 night was windless and moonless. 

 The Vindictive, handled by Com- 

 mander A. E. Godsal, stood in, 

 preceded by destroyers and motor 

 craft, which were to spread a smoke 

 screen and place a flarelight for 

 her to steer by. 



The vessel pushed in under a 

 heavy German fire. As her com- 

 mander laid her nose against the 

 eastern pier and prepared to 

 swing her hull across the channel 

 a shell struck the conning-tower, 

 killing him. Lieut. V. A. Crutchley 

 tried to bring the Vindictive round, 

 but she could not be moved. He, 

 therefore, gave orders for the 

 charges in the hull to be fired, and 

 the vessel to be abandoned. The 

 result of the operation was that 

 the entrance to the harbour was 

 not completely blocked, and the 

 Germans later dragged the sunken 



wreck towards the eastern pier, 

 so that a channel about 30 ft. wide 

 remained clear. The British loss 

 was 47 officers and men killed, 

 wounded, and missing. See Keyes, 

 Roger ; Vindictive ; Zeebrugge ; 

 consult also Ostend and Zee- 

 brugge, Sir R. Keyes' Despatches, 

 ed. C. S. Terry, 1919. 



Ostend Company. Trading 

 company with headquarters at 

 Ostend and stations on the Indian 

 coast, established for Eastern 

 commerce under patronage of the 

 emperor Charles VI in 1717. Its 

 success aroused the jealousy of 

 England, the Netherlands, and 

 other interested powers, which 

 leagued to force its dissolution. In 

 1 727 its charter was suspended by 

 the emperor, and the company 

 ceased to exist in 1731. 



Osteology (Gr. osteon, bone ; 

 logos, science). Science pertain- 

 ing to bones. See Bone ; Skeleton. 



Osteopathy (Gr. osteon, bone ; 

 pathoa, suffering). Term used for a 

 disease of a bone. It also refers to 

 the treatment of disorders of bones 

 and joints by a process of manipu- 

 lation. See Bone. 



Ostergbtland OB LINK-TIM:. 

 Lan or co. of Sweden. It lies 

 between the Baltic Sea and Lake 

 Vatter, and contains many lakes, 

 of which the largest is Lake Soin- 

 iiini. The river Motala drains a 

 fertile plain. Cheese is the chief 

 farm product ; copper and iron 

 are mined. Linkoping is the chief 

 railway junction. Area, 4,265 sq. 

 ra. Pop. 302,000. 



Osterley House. Seat of the 

 earl of Jersey, in Middlesex. It is 

 one mile from Hounslow, and has a 

 station on the Metropolitan Dis- 

 trict Rly. The first house was built 

 by Sir Thomas Gresham in the time 

 of Elizabeth. About 1700 the 

 estate was bought by Sir Francis 

 Child, and about 1760 his successor 

 built the present bouse. It passed 

 from the Childs to the earl of 

 Jersey. The apartments include 

 a fine picture gallery, and among 

 the treasures are some magnificent 

 pictures and other works of art. 



Osterode. Town of Hanover, 

 Prussia. At the foot of the Harz 

 Mts., on the Sosc, it is about 30 in. 

 N.W. ofNordhausen. Notable build- 

 ings are the Rathaus, built 1552, S. 

 Giles's Church, built 724 and re- 

 stored after a disastrous fire in 

 1578, and the great corn warehouse. 

 The town manufactures woollen 

 and cotton goods, machinery, 

 leather, cigars, and woodwork. 

 It is also visited by invalids and 

 pleasure seekers. The town was 

 long part of the duchy of Bruns- 

 wick, and was from 1361-1452 the 

 seat of one of the branches of the 

 ruling family. Pop. 7,500. 



There is a manufacturing town, 

 pop. 13,000, of the same name in 

 K. Prussia. It grew up around 

 a castle built by the Teutonic 

 Order. Here, during the Great 

 War, the Germans interned Russian 

 prisoners. 



Ostersund. Town of Sweden. 

 Situated on the E. side of Lake 

 Storsjo, in the Ian or county of 



