OTLEY 



pain, but more often considerable 

 itching in the ear, which should be 

 frequently syringed with weak 

 borax and water, dried, and 

 smeared with zinc ointment. 



Otitis media is an inflammation 

 of the middle ear. It may be a dry 

 or moist inflammation without the 

 formation of pus (catarrhal otitis 

 media), and occurs more often at 

 or past middle life, and in rheu- 

 matic subjects. The condition is 

 aggravated by any catarrh of the 

 nose and throat, which should be 

 carefully treated if present. Should 

 the inflammation attack the mas- 

 toid process it may spread to the 

 brain. As it may attack the 

 brain indirectly, with fatal conse- 

 quences, its prevention and cure 

 are of real importance. Children 

 with enlarged tonsils and adenoids 

 should have them treated as early 

 in life as possible. Great care should 

 be taken to keep the nose and 

 throat clean during an attack of 

 scarlet fever or measles. Inflam- 

 mation of the mastoid, indicated 

 by pain, tenderness, and sometimes 

 swelling behind the ear, demands 

 urgent operative treatment. 



Internal otitis is occasionally 

 the result of syphilis, and is some- 

 times caused by mumps. Otitis 

 media may spread into the inner 

 ear and produce it. See Ear. 



Otley. Market town and urban 

 dist. of Yorkshire (W.R.), Eng- 

 land. It stands on the Wharfe, 10 

 7 m. from Leeds, 

 with stations on 

 the Mid. and N.E. 

 Rlys. The chief 

 building is the 

 restored Perpen- 

 dicular church of 

 All Saints, con- 

 taining monu- 

 Otley arms ments to the Fair- 

 fax family, whose seat,Denton Park, 

 is in the neighbourhood. There is 

 a grammar school founded in the 

 17th century. The town has an 

 agricultural trade and manufac- 

 tures of machinery and leather 

 goods. In the vicinity are stone 

 quarries, and just outside the town 

 is the Chevin Hill, 925 ft. At one 

 time Otley sent two members to 

 Parliament. Market day, Fri. 

 Pop. 9,800. 



Otoliths. Ear stones, or chalky 

 concretions in the inner ear of many 

 animals. They are more or less 

 loose in the fluid of the internal 

 ear, and their function seems to be 

 to stimulate the auditory nerve by 

 their vibrations. They are best 

 seen in the fishes, where they are 

 often large and porcelainous, as in 

 the cod tribe. They occur in other 

 vertebrates and in certain molluscs. 

 Otology (Gr. otos, of the ear; 

 }, science). See Ear. 



5896 



Otomi. Group of American 

 Indian tribes in the Mexican states 

 of Guanajuato, Hidalgo, and 

 Mexico (nomads). They numbered 

 209,640 in 1910, besides the allied 

 Mazahua, 65,928, and the Chichi- 

 mec, 1,673. Small, dark, roundish- 

 headed, they represent the primi- 

 tive inhabitants of the Anahuac 

 plateau, who were driven into the 

 uplands by the Nahua (Aztec) in- 

 vaders, and they still preserve 

 their pre-Toltec culture. 



Otranto. British armed mer- 

 chant cruiser. She formed part of 

 Cradock's force at the battle of 

 Coronel (q.v.). On 

 Oct. 6, 1918, she 

 collided with the 

 Kashmir, off the 

 Irish coast, and 

 sank. Both ves- 

 sels were carrying 

 American troops. 

 About400 persons 

 were lost, includ- 

 ing 335 soldiers. 

 The Kashmir 

 reached port. 



Otranto. City 

 of Italy, in 



Apulia. It is on the S.E. coast on 

 the strait of the same name, 45 m. 

 S.E. of Brindisi, with which it is 

 connected by rly. It was destroyed 

 by the Turks in 1480. The cathedral 

 contains a remarkable mosaic pave- 

 ment of 1166 ; the church of San 

 Pietro has Byzantine frescoes. The 

 castle, built by Alphonso of Aragon 

 and strengthened by Charles V, 

 gives its name to a romance by 

 Horace Walpole, published in 1764. 

 Pop. 2,300. 



OTTAWA 



when a number were lost. See 

 Adriatic Sea, Operations in the. 



Otsu. City of Japan, in Honshu. 

 Situated on the S. shore of Lake 

 Biwa. 10 m. by rly. E. of Kyoto, 

 it is a centre for the local hemp 

 industry. Pop. 43,000. 



Ottakar. Name of two kings of 

 Bohemia. Ottakar I, who belonged 

 to the family of the Premyslides, 

 made himself king in 1192, but had 

 to fight hard before his position 

 was generally recognized. He took 

 part in the contest for the German 

 throne between Otto IV and Philip 

 of Swabia. Dying in 1230, his suc- 



Otranto, Italy. 



Otranto, STRAIT OF. Outlet of 

 the Adriatic Sea between S. Italy 

 and Albania. It is 40 m. wide ; a 

 cable connects the ports of Otranto 

 and Avlona. During the Great War 

 it was closely patrolled by an 

 Allied squadron, and a number of 

 British drifters guarded the nets and 

 mines laid there for the purpose of 

 stopping enemy submarines. Two 

 attacks were made on the drifters, 

 on July 9, 1916, and May 15, 1917, 



S.S. Otranto, the British merchant cruiser sunk off the 

 Irish coast, Oct. 6, 1918 



Abraham!, Devonporl 



cessor was his son Wenceslaus. 

 Ottakar II, a grandson of Ottakar 

 I, began to reign in 1253. He had 

 already taken part in public affairs, 

 had made himself duke of Austria, 

 and led a faction against his father 

 Wenceslaus. By force of arms he 

 added to Bohemia the duchies of 

 Styria and Carinthia, and in 1273 

 had a good chance of being chosen 

 German king. Rudolf of Haps- 

 burg, however, was preferred, and 

 war broke out. Ottakar was beaten 

 and compelled to 

 surrender all his 

 lands save Bohe- 

 mia and Moravia. 

 Trying to recover 

 them, he was 

 killed in battle, 

 Aug. 26, 1278. 



Ottava Rima. 

 The standard 

 measure of Italian 

 heroic verse. It 

 is a stanza of eight 

 iambic pentame- 

 ter lines, the first 

 six of which 

 rhyme alternate- 

 ly, and the last 

 two are a couplet with a third 

 rhyme. Lord Byron's Don Juan 

 is the classic English example. 



Ottawa. River of Canada, 

 tributary of the St. Lawrence. It 

 rises in the lakes in the W. of 

 the prov. of Quebec, and flows W. 

 to Lake Temiscaming. Turning E., 

 it forms the boundary between 

 Ontario and Quebec, passes the 

 cities of Ottawa and Hull, and joins 

 the St. Lawrence by two branches 



Ruins of the castle built, about 1450, by 

 Alphonso of Aragon 



