Otto I, 

 King of Bavaria 



OTTO I 



and crowned in Rome, Oct. 1, 1209, 

 but in the next year was placed 

 under the ban for seizing papal 

 territory, and was deposed by the 

 Hohenstaufen party, who set up 

 Frederick II. Otto was beaten 

 at Bouvines by the French. 1214, 

 and died May 19, 1218. 



Otto I (1848-1916). King ot 

 Bavaria. Born April 27, 1848, 

 second son of Maximilian II of 

 Bavaria, he 

 became king 

 on the death of 

 his elder 

 brother Louis 

 II on June 13, 

 1886. He had, 

 however, then 

 been insane for 

 ten years, and 

 his uncle, 

 Prince Luit- 

 pold, acted 

 as regent until his death in 1912, 

 when it was decided to depose the 

 King as incurably insane, in favour 

 of his cousin Louis III. Otto died 

 Oct. 13, 1916. 



Otto I (1815-67). King of 

 Greece. Born June 1, 1815, the 

 second son of Louis I, king of 

 Bavaria, he was 

 invited, in ac- 

 cordance with 

 the London pro- 

 tocol of May 7, 



1832, to accept 

 the throne of 

 liberated 

 Greece, Feb. 6, 



1833. In 1836 

 he dismissed 

 the unpopular 



Bavarian Armansperg, who had 

 been chief of the council of regency 

 during his minority. The revolu- 

 tion of Sept., 1843, compelled the 

 king to call a National Assembly 

 charged to draw up a constitution, 

 but this step failed to secure a 

 stable government. His difficulties 

 were increased by a brief rupture 

 of relations with Turkey in 1847. 

 Military plots against the monarchy 

 in 1861 and early in 1862 failed, but 

 on Oct. 21 an insurrection led to the 

 abdication of Otto, who retired to 

 Bavaria. He died at Bamberg, 

 July 26, 1867. See Greece. 

 .. Otto OR ATTAR OF ROSES 

 (Arab, 'ytr, perfume). Volatile 

 scented oil distilled from roses, 

 chiefly Rosa damascena and mos- 

 chata. The flowers are gathered in 

 the early morning before they are 

 fully blown. The chief centres of 

 the industry are Kashmir, Gbazi- 

 pur, Shiraz, Damascus, S. France, 

 and Kazanluk in Bulgaria. An acre 

 of ground produces about 100 Ib. 

 of flowers daily during the height of 

 the season, which lasts three or 

 four weeks. 188-300 Ib. of flowers 



Otto I, 

 King of Greece 



Ottoman. 



59OO 



yield one ounce of : " 

 oil. Otto of roses p 

 is used in scents, 

 medicines, lotions, 

 and ointments. 



Ottoman. Kind 

 of couch or divan 

 without back or 

 arms. Of Turkish 

 origin, it became 

 fashionable in 

 England about 

 1800. One form 

 was a long box 

 with a cushioned lid, another was 

 a foot-rest. 



Ottoman. Name of the domin- 

 ant Turkish people. It U derived 

 from Osman, who about 1290 

 became the leader of a tribe living 

 under the protection of the Seljuks. 

 Having won a great reputation as 

 a fighter, he declared himself inde- 

 pendent, and is regarded as the 

 founder of the Turkish or Otto- 

 man Empire, for his tribe, known 

 as the Ottoman Turks, entered on 

 their career of conquest, and in 

 1453 planted themselves at Con- 

 stantinople. See Turkey. 



Ottrelite OR CHLORITOID. In 

 mineralogy, name given to a variety 

 of brittle micas. See Chloritoid. 



Ottumwa. City of Iowa, U.S.A., 

 the co. seat of Wapello co. It stands 

 on both banks of the Des Moines 

 river, 76 m. by rly. W.N.W. of 

 Burlington, and is served by the 

 Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul 

 and other rlys. Industries include 

 the manufacture of iron and steel, 

 agricultural implements, wagons, 

 flour, paper, cigars, bricks, and tiles. 

 It has several meat-packing houses, 

 and carries on a large trade in agri- 

 cultural produce and coal. Ottum- 

 wa was settled in 1843, incorpor- 

 ated in 1849, and became a city in 

 1857. Pop. 23,000. 



Otway, THOMAS (1651-85). Eng- 

 lish dramatist. He was born at 

 Trotton, Sussex, March 3, 1651, and 

 educated at 

 Winchester and 

 Christ Church, 

 Oxford. In 

 1675 appeared 

 his first play, 

 the tragedy of 

 Alcibiades, 

 which had some 

 success chiefly 

 owing to the 

 fine acting of 

 Mrs Barry, 

 with whom Otway fell in love. Her 

 cruel treatment of him drove him 

 first into the army and a campaign 

 in Flanders with a cornet's com- 

 mission, and latterly to a life of 

 degrading dissipation. He died in 

 utter destitution, April 14, 1685. 

 Otway's best known play is the 

 great tragedy Venice Preserved, 



OUDENARDE 



Modern kind of coucb, with adjustable bead 

 and foot 



By courtesy of Waring & Qillow 



1682, in which he shows himself 

 a master of pathos and passion. 

 Another fine tragedy is The Orphan. 

 He also wrote several comedies, of 

 which the most interesting is The 

 Soldier's Fortune, 1679. See Works 

 and Life, ed. T. Thornton, 1813; 

 Seventeenth Century Studies, E. 

 W. Gosse, new ed. 1914. 



Oubliette (Fr. oublier, to tor- 

 get). Medieval term for a pit or 

 well constructed in the masonry 

 of a castle dungeon, and used for 

 the close confinement of prisoners. 

 Oubliettes were also used for the 

 secret disposal of prisoners' bodies. 

 See Castle. 



Oudenarde OR AUDENARDE. 

 Town of Belgium. In the prov. of 

 E. Flanders, it is 10 m. from Ghent, 

 and is built on both sides of the 

 Schelde. Its chief building is the 

 town hall, a beautiful 16th century 

 edifice with a tower in five storeys, 

 reputed the finest hotel de ville in 

 Belgium after that of Brussels, or, 

 until destroyed, of Louvain. The 

 chief churches are S. Walburga's 

 and Notre Dame. Pop. 7,000. 



Oudenarde, BATTLE OF. Fought 

 July 11, 1708, between the British 

 and their allies and the French. 

 The former had a small garrison in 

 Oudenarde, which was being at- 

 tacked by a French army under 

 Vendome. This occupied a position 



Thomas Otway, 

 English dramatist 



Oudenarde, Belgium. The 16th 



century town hall, on the N. side, of 



the Grande Place 



