OYSTER BAY 



5914 



OZOTYPE 



by means of cilia and are the prey 

 of numbers of enemies. The sur- 

 vivors soon attach themselves to 

 rocks or other objects, where they 

 remain for the rest of their lives. 



Economically the oyster has 

 been highly valued for many cen- 

 turies for the table ; and the pre- 

 sence of its shells in vast numbers 

 in the kitchen middens and shell 

 heaps of prehistoric man proves 

 that it was equally liked before the 

 dawn of history. It is one of the 

 very few animals that are pre- 

 ferred in the raw state by modern 

 civilized man. Most epicures hold 

 that a cooked oyster is a good thing 

 spoilt. British native oysters 

 notably those laid down on the 

 beds at Whitstable have the re- 

 putation of being the best in the 

 world. Small pearls of no value 

 occasionally occur in the edible 

 oyster ; but the pearls of commerce 

 are the product of the so-called 

 pearl oyster, Avicula margaritifera, 

 a mollusc belonging to a wholly 

 different family. See Bivalves ; 

 Mollusca ; Pearl. 



Oyster Bay. Health resort and 

 residential town of New York, 

 U.S.A., in Nassau co. It stands on 

 a picturesque, well-sheltered bay 

 on the N. coast of Long Island, 

 and is served by the Long Island 

 rly. and a line of steamers plying 

 to New York city. It has excellent 

 bathing facilities and other attrac- 

 tions. Oysters are largely culti- 

 vated. It was the home of Theo- 

 dore Roosevelt. Pop. 30,000. 



Oyster Catcher OR SEA PIE 

 (Haematopus ostralegus). British 

 shore bird belonging to the plover 

 tribe. The head and upper parts 

 are black and the under parts 

 white, while the long and straight 

 beak is reddish orange Tt is found 



Oyster Catcher. Specimen of the 

 British shore bird 



W. S. Berridge, F.Z.S. 



about all the more rocky parts of 

 the coast, and feeds upon molluscs, 

 crustaceans, and marine worms. 



Oystermputh. Watering-place 

 and urban dist. of Glamorganshire, 

 Wales. It stands near Mumbles 

 Head, 5 m. from Swansea, and is 



served by the L. & N.W. and 

 Swansea and Mumbles Rlys. It 

 has a pier, and the culture of oysters 

 is an industry, although less ex- 

 tensive than formerly. There was 

 a Roman station near, and a castle 

 was built at Oystermouth soon 

 after 1100. Pop. 6,100. /SeeGower. 



Ozark Mts. (Fr. Bois aux arcs, 

 wood for bows). Wooded plateau 

 of U.S.A. Lying between the Mis- 

 souri and Arkansas rivers, it occu- 

 pies a large portion of the states of 

 Arkansas and Missouri, and pene- 

 trates into Oklahoma and Kansas, 

 its average height being from 1,500 

 ft. to 2,000 ft. The Ouachita Mts., 

 S. of the Arkansas river, are an 

 extension of the Ozarks. 



Ozobrome Process. Method 

 of making photographs by the 

 carbon process (q.v. ), but without 

 its attendant drawbacks of day- 

 light printing, reversal of the 

 picture, and uncertainty of. ex- 

 posure. A wet print or bromide 

 paper (q.v.) is pressed in contact 

 with carbon tissue, soaked in solu- 



; Ozone (0 3 ). Gas with a peculiar 

 . dour somewhat resembling that 

 of dilute chlorine. It was observed 

 in 1785 that when an electric spark 

 is passed through oxygen a dis- 

 tinct odour is apparent, but it was 

 not until 1840 that the production 

 of a definite gas ozone was 

 proved. It is a form of oxygen 

 containing three atoms in the 

 molecule against two atoms in a 

 molecule of ordinary oxygen. The 

 gas readily changes into ordinary 

 oxygen, but has distinct properties. 

 The peculiar odour of .the air 

 noticed in sea breezes is due to the 

 presence of ozone. It is produced 

 in small quantities by the slow 

 oxidation of phosphorus, but is 

 formed on a large scale by the dis- 

 charge from an electrical machine 

 in oxygen or air. 



When ozone is strongly com- 

 pressed an indigo-coloured liquid 

 is obtained. Ozone is one of the 

 most powerful oxidising agents 

 known, and this property is utilised 

 in a number of ways, e.g. the purifi- 



Oyster Bay, New York. Flagstaff and town hall 



tion containing bichromate, bro- 

 mide, ferricyanide, and acid sul- 

 phate of potash. After a few 

 minutes the two are separated, and 

 the tissue developed in hot water, 

 as in the ordinary carbon process. 

 The bromide print, which becomes 

 bleached in the operation, can be 

 restored to its original state with a 

 developer and used again. 



Ozoena OR ATROPHIC RHINITIS. 

 Affection of the nose characterised 

 by the formation of crusts which 

 have an unmistakable penetrating 

 odour. The patient is unaware of 

 this, as his sense of smell is lost. 



Ozokerite (Gr. ozein, to smell ; 

 Keros, wax). Solid hydrocarbon 

 mineral resembling beeswax. It 

 was first discovered in 1833 at 

 Slanic, in Rumania. It is mined 

 in various parts of the world, and, 

 geologically, is always accompanied 

 by petroleum. The white ozokerite 

 is used for candle-making. A semi- 

 solid substance is also obtained 

 resembling vaseline, while the 

 residue in the stills, a hard, 

 black, waxy mass, is employed, 

 mixed with incliarubber, for insu- 

 lating electrical cables. 



cation of air, ozone being em- 

 ployed for this purpose on a large 

 scale on the Central London Rly.; 

 for medicinal use in tuberculosis 

 and whooping cough ; for sterilis- 

 ing drinking water ; for bleaching 

 waxes, fats, fabrics, and yarns ; for 

 aging wood for musical instru- 

 ments ; for oxidising or thickening 

 oils, for maturing wines and spirits, 

 and for sweetening foul beer casks. 

 Ozotype. In photography, pig- 

 ment printing process, patented 

 by Thomas Manly in 1899. s The 

 paper, when sensitised with a 

 solution containing a bichromate 

 and a manganous salt, and dried 

 in the dark is exposed under a 

 negative until a light brown image 

 is printed out. A piece of pigment 

 plaster is soaked in an acetic bath 

 containing a reducing agent. The 

 washed print is then applied to the 

 plaster under the surface of the 

 bath, and the two are squeegeed 

 together, and laid by for 30-60 

 minutes. They are then separated 

 under water at about 107 F., and 

 all soluble gelatine is washed away, 

 thus leaving the developed image. 

 See Carbon Process ; Photography. 



