PACHINO 



PACIFIC OCEAN 



Pachino. Town of Italy, in 

 S.E. Sicily. It is situated in the 

 prov. of Syracuse, 5 m. N.W. of 

 Cape Passer o and 13 m. by road 

 S. of Noto. Pop. 11,000. 



Pachisi (Hind, pachis, twenty- 

 five). National game of India. It is 

 played on a chequered cruciform 

 board, each arm of the cross con- 

 taining three rows of eight squares, 

 the centre being one large square. 

 The middle squares at the four tips 

 and the fourth square from the end 

 on the outside rows of each arm, 

 are designated castles, within which 

 spaces the pieces of the players are 

 safe. There are four players, two 

 acting in partnership, each having 

 four men, coloured yellow, green, 

 red, and black respectively. The 

 moves are regulated by the throw- 

 ing of cowries or dice, each piece 

 starting from the central square, 

 travelling down the middle of its 

 own particular arm of the cross, 

 and then round the board, return- 

 ing up the arm and into the central 

 square from which it started. A 

 piece is taken by another moving 

 on to the same square. The win- 

 ning side is that which first gets 

 all eight pieces round the board 

 and home. See Games, Ancient and 

 Oriental, E. Falkener, 1892. 

 ' Pachmann, VLADIMIR DE (b. 

 1848). Russian pianist. Born at 

 Odessa,. July 27 1848, he studied 



Vladimir 

 de Pachmann, 

 Russian pianist 



under his 

 father, Vincent 

 de Pachmann, 

 a professor at 

 Odessa, and 

 then in Vienna. 

 In 1878 he ap- 

 peared at the 

 Gewandhaus 

 concerts in 

 Leipzig, and 

 afterwards in 

 most of the 

 great cities of Europe. He fre- 

 quently visited London, where his 

 interpretation of Chopin's music 

 was held in high esteem. 



Pachmarhi. Hill station and 

 sanatorium of the Deccan, India, 

 in the Central Provinces. Situated 

 on the Mahadeo range, separating 

 the Godavari from the Narbada 

 valley, it is 3,500 ft. above mean 

 sea level, and is seat of the govt. of 

 the Central Provinces and Berar 

 during the hot weather. Its name is 

 sometimes applied to the Mahadeo 

 range. Pop. 3,800. 



Pachuca. City of Mexico, 

 capital of the state of Hidalgo. 

 Known also as Hidalgo, it is situ- 

 ated among mts. at an alt. of 8,150 

 ft., 57 m. N.E. of Mexico city, in a 

 silver-mining district. Pop. 39,100. 

 Pachydermata (Gr. pachys, 

 thick; derma, skin). Name given 

 by Cuvier to those ungulate mam- 



mals which have thick skins, as the 

 elephant, rhinoceros, and hippopo- 

 tamus. The term is obsolescent. 

 See Ungulata. 



Pacific Cable. Submarine 

 telegraph cable between San Fran- 

 cisco and Japan. It touched Hawaii, 

 Midway Island, and Guam on its 

 first construction in 1903, and was 

 later continued from Manila to 

 Shanghai and thence to Japan by 

 the Bonin Islands. A branch line 

 runs from Guam to Yap (q.v.), 

 lines radiating from the latter to 

 Japan. It is owned by the U.S.A. 

 A British Pacific cable connects 

 British Columbia with Australia. 

 See Telegraph. 



Pacific Ocean. Largest of the 

 oceans of the globe. It embraces 

 about three-eighths of the total sea 

 area. Northwards it is very 

 definitely limited by the narrow 

 Bering Strait, which contains a belt 

 of shallow water stretching from 

 the E. Cape of Asia to the American 

 Cape Prince of Wales. Like the 

 Atlantic, it is widely open to the S. 



The Pacific differs from the 

 Atlantic, not only in shape, but 

 in its greater mean depth, which is 

 2 m. as against 2 m., and in its 

 greater absolute depth, for the 

 deepest sounding hitherto ob- 

 tained is that of 5,348 fathoms off 

 Mindanao, in the Philippines. 

 There is no central ridge as in the 



PACIFIC OCEAN 



On M creator's Projection 



Pacific Ocean. Chart of the ocean, showing steamship routes and cables between the coasts of Asia, Australasia, and America 



