PACTOLUS 



PADEREWSKI 



Pactolus. Ancient brook in 

 Lydia, famous for the gold found 

 in its sands in classical times. It 

 is believed to be the modern 

 Sarabat (q.v.). 



Padang. Town and seaport of 

 Sumatra. Situated nearly in the 

 middle of the W. coast, it is the 

 terminus of a rly. line to the in- 

 terior, and has considerable trade 

 from the neighbouring highlands 

 and islands. The harbour is 3 m. 

 S. of Emmahaven, which supplies 

 coal from the Ombilin coalfield. 

 Coffee, copra, tobacco, gum, and 

 hides are exported. Pop. 47,600. 



Padaung. Township of Burma, 

 in the Prome dist. The town is one 

 long street along the right bank of 

 the Irawadi on the road from 

 Prome into Arakan Pop. 47,500. 

 See Burma. 



Padding ton. Met. bor. of the 

 co. of London. Between Maryle- 

 bone and Kensington, it is inter - 

 sected by the 

 Harrow Road and 

 a branch of the 

 Grand Junction 

 C a n al, and in- 

 cludes the ter- 

 minus of the 

 G.W. R., com- 

 pleted 1856, and 

 the diets, of Maida 

 Vale, Tyburnia, and Bayswater, 

 with the busy shopping centre of 

 Westbourne Grove, namad after the 

 Westbourne stream, whic* was used 

 to form the Serpentine (q.v.). In 

 addition to the town hall, enlarged 

 in 1906, the bor. contains S. Mary's 

 Hospital, which was founded 1845 ; 

 a lock hospital and asylum, work- 

 house and infirmary, municipal 

 baths, and technical institute. In 



is said to have been exhumed by 

 body-snatchers. Notable residents 

 of Paddington have included, in 

 addition to Sarah Siddons, Robert 

 Stevenson, Robert Browning, the 

 1st Baron Coleridge, John Oliver 

 Hobbes, Herbert Spencer, and Sir 

 Rowland Hill. The manor, 

 anciently attached to Westminster 

 Abbey, was given by Edward VI to 

 the bishops of London, an episcopal 

 connexion recalled by the names of 

 several of its thoroughfares, e.g. 

 Bishop's Road. Two members 

 are returned to Parliament. Pop. 

 (1921)144,273. See London. 



Paddington. Suburb of Syd- 

 ney, New South Wales. It has an 

 imposing town hall, and here are 

 Victoria Barracks. Pop. 24,000. 



Paddle Steamer. Vessel 

 driven by means of paddle wheels. 

 The first steam vessels were pro- 

 pelled by paddles, which are still 

 largely used for river, channel, and 

 lake steamers, particularly where 

 the water is comparatively shallow. 



Two systems of paddles are 

 employed. In the one, the paddles 

 or blades are rigidly attached to 

 the framework of the wheel ; in 

 the other the blades are free to 



Paddington arms 



the churchyard of S. Mary's, Pad- 

 dington Green the parish church, 

 1788-1845, when it was super- 

 seded by S. James's are the 

 graves of Sarah Siddons, Benjamin 

 Haydon, and Joseph Nollekens. 

 Westbourne Park Baptist Chapel is 

 associated with the work of Dr. 

 Clifford. 



The open spaces include the 

 recreation ground of 27 acres at 

 Kilburn Park, and the old cemetery 

 of S. George's, Hanover Square, 

 in which Laurence Sterne was 

 buried, and from which his body 



Paddle Steamer. 1. Diagram of 

 oscillating engine directly connected 

 with crank A, on paddle wheel shaft, 

 thus driving feathering wheel. En- 

 gine cylinder B oscillates on central 

 trunnion, as shown by dotted lines. 

 2. River boat with paddle wheels. 

 3. Stern wheel steamer 



turn through a certain angle and 

 are operated by eccentric gear, as 

 the wheel turns round, in such a 

 way as to imitate in effect the 

 feathering of an oar. They are 

 known as feathering wheels. 

 Special steamers have been built 

 with a single, wide paddle wheel 

 placed at the stern, for use in 

 rivers where very shallow water 

 occurs. Such were used in Meso- 

 potamia during the Great War, 

 and many are in use on the African 

 lakes and rivers, and very large 

 ones in America. 



Paddy (Malay padi, rice). Rice 

 in the husk. Paddy is the form 

 used throughout the East, but in 

 America it becomes baddy. Fields 

 of growing rice, and also very 

 low-lying fields, are called paddy 

 fields. The Java sparrow, which 

 feeds on rice, is called the paddy 

 bird, and a paddy pounder is a 

 machine for husking rice. See Rice. 



Paderborn. Town of Prussia, 

 in Westphalia. Situated at the 

 source of the Pader, 50 m. S.W. 

 of Hanover, the town has been 

 partly rebuilt since the fire of 

 1875. The Romanesque and Early 

 Gothic cathedral was restored 1891- 

 93. The Romanesque chapel of S. 

 Bartholomew was erected by Italian 

 builders 1009-36. There are rly. 

 workshops, printing establish 

 ments, tobacco, soap, and glass 

 factories, and breweries. In the 

 llth century Paderborn was a Han- 

 seatic town, passing to Prussia in 

 1859. Pop. 29,000. 



Paderewski, IGNACE JAN (b. 

 1859). Polish pianist. Born at 

 Kurylowka, Podolia, Nov. 18, 1859, 

 he showed ex- 

 traordinary 

 talent on the 

 piano when a 

 child. He stud- 

 ied in Warsaw 

 and Berlin, was 

 a teacher until 

 1884, and, after 

 studying for 

 three years 

 in Vienna, 

 appeared as 

 a performer. 



He played first in London in Ma}'. 

 1890, and his tours in Europe and 

 America placed him in the front 

 rank of living- pianists. He also 

 won distinction as a composer, his 

 works including the opera Manru. 

 In 1900 he founded the Paderewski 

 fund with 2,000 to reward com- 

 positions by American musicians. 

 During the Great War he visited 

 America. He became prime min- 

 ister of reconstituted Poland in 

 Jan., 1919, and represented it at 

 the Paris peace conference. He re- 

 signed the premiership in Dec. of 

 the same year. Pron. Pahd-er-efski. 



