Barry Pain, 

 British author 

 II.H * FT, 



PAIN 



Pain (Ijit. fxtfna, |iiiiimliiii.-ni, 

 pain i Siiitri HI'.- nr ilMrrxs of Ixxly 

 or miii'l It was formerly regarded 

 aa a common sensation, one win -h 

 ...i|, | bo produced by the stimuli* 

 I inn ..i my and every sense-organ 

 I' mi i- dmingniahed subjectively 

 lively and diaagreeabU 



o|ij,-.-t i\elv l>\ stroll',' M-|!r\ 



irln.ii move 



l';iin which onyinati's in 

 .1 tilth-rent place from where it i.- 

 telt is called eccentric ; when the 

 leelin-.; is transferred from .m.-nn \. 

 fibre to another not immediately 

 in erned it is called irradiated; 

 irradiated pains occurring at a great 

 . li>t uiiee from the place affected arr 

 ailed sympathetic. See Pleasure 

 Pain, MAKKV ERIC ODELL (b 

 i ""I 1 1. British author. Born Oct. 

 -'-'. lsi>4. and educated at Sedbergh 

 Schooland Cor- 

 pus Chris ti 

 College, Cam- 

 bridge, he 

 turned early 

 to literary 

 work, and be- 

 came known as 

 a writer of hu 

 morous stories 

 and novels. In 

 a Canadian 

 Canoe a p- 

 pcared in 1891, and among his 

 many subsequent works are Stories 

 and Interludes, 1892, The Kindness 

 of the Celestial, 1894, Eliza, 1900, 

 Memoirs of Constantino Dix, 1905, 

 Wilhelmina in London, 1906, Eliza 

 Getting On, 1911, Exit Eliza, 1912, 

 and Innocent Amusements, 1918. 

 In such books as Grey Tales he 

 shows himself a writer of serious 

 short stories with a fine sense of 

 situation and finished technique. 

 His Collected Tales were published 

 in 1916, and he wrote The Short 

 Story, an able study in literary 

 craftsmanship, in 1915. 



Paine, SIR GODFREY MARSHALL 

 (b. 1871). British sailor and air- 

 man. Entering the navy in 

 he became cap 

 tain in 1907 

 and was ap- 

 pointed com- 

 mandant of the 

 Central Flying 

 School, a post 

 he retained 

 until 1915. He 

 comma nded 



the K.N.A.S Sir G. M. Paine. 

 training estab- British tailor 



I is h men t at i/n 



Cranwell, 1915-17, was fifth sea 

 lord of the Admiralty and director 

 of naval air service, 1917-18. He 

 was inspector-general R.A.F. in 

 1919, retiring in 1920. He was 

 knighted in 1918 and given the 

 rank of air vice-marshal in 1919. 



5023 



Paine, THOMAS (17:i7 

 i author. Horn at I 

 Norfolk Jan. 29, 1737, son .f =i 



a***(~~. 



After Komntt, 



small farmer and staymakf-r, he 

 tried various occupations, includ- 

 ing that of exciseman. Dismissed 

 in 1774. lie in the same year met 

 Benjamin Franklin in London, and, 

 apparently under his advice, 

 emigrated to America. Settliti'j in 

 Philadelphia, he issued in 1770 u 

 pamphlet entitled Common Sense, 

 putting the case for independence, 

 which Washington admitted to 

 have had great influence on the 

 colonists. He fought in the U.S. 

 army, and received a government 

 appointment, which he lost through 

 divulging state secrets. 



In 1787 Paine returned to 

 England and Issued The Rights of 

 Man as a counterblast to Burke's 

 Reflections on the French Revolu- 

 tion. The work made a great sen- 

 sation and Paine was indicted in 

 1792, but escaped to France, where 

 he had an enthusiastic reception. 

 Subsequently he fell foul of 

 Robespierre, was imprisoned and 

 narrowly escaped the guillotine. 

 but was released in 1794 on claim- 

 ing American citizenship. The 

 first part of The Age of Reason had 

 been finished just before his arrest, 

 and the second part followed in 

 1795. The book was an attack 

 upon revealed religion from the 

 point of view of the 18th century 

 deists, accompanied by all the 

 rigour and occasional brutality 

 which characterised ^aine s 

 writings. He died in New York, 

 June 8, 1809. The standard 

 biography is that by Moncure D. 

 Conway, 1892. 



Painesville. City of Ohio, 



U.S.A., the co. seat of Lake co. 



It stands on the Grand river, 30 in. 



of Cleveland, and is served 



by the New York, Chicago and 



PAINT 



St. I.-MIW and other rlyt. Nuraery 

 gardening in carried on in the 

 n it.'!, Ixjurhcod, and Mxla-aah, floor. 

 foundry and machine-ahop pro* 

 duct*, and motor i.-l,i.-ie* are 

 manufactured. Painesville wa* 

 laid out in 1800, incorporated in 

 md became a city in 1902 

 Pop. 7,:ix) 



Painleve, PAUL (b. 1863) 

 Kreneh poluieiin. He became 

 professor of science at Lille in 1886. 

 and at the Sor- 

 bonne seven 

 years later. 

 Interested in 

 iviation, he 

 was one of t he 



tirst passenge 

 carried by Wi 



Paul Paiolevg, 

 French politician 



il 



bur Wright in 

 Fran 



wiisiiiini.-t.-rof 

 public instruc- 

 tion and inventions, 1915, 

 of war, March-Sept., 1917, and 

 prime minister, Sept.-Nov., 1917. 

 He was criticised for the failure of 

 the French offensive of April, 1917, 

 which Nivelle's supporters main- 

 tained was due to the interference 

 of the cabinet with military plans. 

 He defended himself against these 

 charges, and published a full 

 account of his own part in the 

 1917 campaign in a special number 

 of La Renaissance Politique, 

 Littdraire, Econoraique, in 1919. 

 He became advisory director- 

 general to the Chinese Government 

 rlys. in 1020, and in April 1925 

 again became prime minister. 



Paint. Coloured mixture pre- 

 pared for spreading on a surface. 

 The purpose of painting is to 

 embellish or preserve the surface 

 itself, or to make pictorial repre- 

 sentations. Paints consist mainly 

 of dry coloured powders called 

 pigments, mixed with liquid media 

 or vehicles. They are applied by 

 brushes, edged or pointed tools, 

 spraying appliances, or by dipping. 

 They are distinguished from dyes 

 and stains in not penetrating 

 the surface, their colouring matter 

 being insoluble in the media used. 



For domestic and industrial 

 paintwork the principal materials 

 used are oil-paints. In these the 

 liquid media are derived mostly 

 from vegetable drying oils, the 

 best being Unseed, which forms an 

 elastic skin more rapidly than 

 any other. It is sometimes mixed 

 with or replaced by tung, cotton 

 seed, soya bean, and other oils. 



Prehistoric man employed paint 

 for ornamenting the body, living or 

 dead, as well as for ritual and 

 decorative designs. Among the 

 mineral pigments first used urn 

 red and yellow ochres, traceable 

 in palaeolithic Europe. Until 



