PALATINE 



prince whose election to Un- 

 throne of Bohemia led to tin- nt 

 ,.f the Thirty Years' War. 

 In 1777 the family ruling over 

 .i became extinct, and 

 i.-ntlv its kinsman, the 

 Klect,.i Palatm. . ( ha rles Theodore, 

 became al- >t Havana. 



iu.ii.1. Miinirh was In- 

 , .i|ni.il and the Palatinate was 

 merely part of Kuvaria. In 1802 

 i;i was forced to give up 

 certain parts of the Rhenish 

 Palatinate to France P.ailen. aim 

 Hesse, but some of this waa re- 

 gained at the settlement of 1815. 

 lleiilelberg, however, still remains 

 in ihr possession of Baden. 

 The two Palatinates are now 



Provinces of P.a \aria. The Rhenish 

 'alat mate lies ,,n the \V. side of the 

 Kiiinc aiul detached from the rest 

 I the republic. Its area is about 

 2,300 sq.m. ; its pop. 937,000 ; and 

 its capital is Spires. In 1923-4 the 

 Itheiiish Palatinate was brought 

 into prominence by a separatist 

 movement aimed at creating an 

 autonomous state. Disturbances 

 took place and public buildings 

 were seized. The Upper Palatinate 

 is in N.E. Bavaria, with an area of 

 3,730 sq. m. and a pop. of 600,000. 

 The capital is Nuremberg. 



Palatine (Lai. palatium, a 

 palace). Literally, someone belong- 

 ing to the palace, and therefore a 

 servant of the ruler. In the Roman 

 Empire it was given to certain 

 officials sent out by the emperors to 

 discharge special duties, and this 

 use passed into France and Ger- 

 many, where counts palatine ap- 

 peared about the 8th century. 

 These men hod special powers, due 

 to the fact that they were more 

 directly the representatives of the 

 sovereign than were the ordinary 

 counts. The districts over which 

 they ruled were called palatinates. 

 The most important of them was 

 the one that grew into the Palati- 

 nate of the Rhine. 



The word, used in practically the 

 same sense, passed into England 

 soon after the Norman Conquest. 

 The earls of certain counties, gener- 

 ally those on the borders, such as 

 Durham and Cheshire, were given 

 special privileges, and these were 

 known as counties palatine. Other 

 counties palatine were Lancashire, 

 given the privilege in the 14th cen- 

 tury, Shropshire, Pembrokeshire, 

 and Kent. Durham, Cheshire, and 

 Lancashire were, however, the only 

 ones that retained their special 

 privileges for any length of time, 

 and traces thereof still remain. 



Palatine Hill (anc. MonaPalati- 

 ini.i). One of the seven hills of 

 Rome. The name is derived from 

 Pales, the goddess of shepherds, 

 who was worshipped here. Origi- 



5033 



nally it comprised two summits, 

 168 ft and 165 ft . separated by a 

 saddle, but during the development 

 of the city the shape has been 

 modified. It was the site of Roma 

 Quadrate, the " square " town, so 

 called from the shape of the Pala- 

 tine, which contained the fig-tree 

 and thatched hut of Romulus. 

 Parts of the walls are still to be 

 seen. When other hilU were in- 

 cluded, Roma Quadrata developed 

 into the Septimontium, or circuit 

 of the seven hills. In republican 

 times the hill was a residential 

 quarter ; Augustus and Tiberius 

 had palaces there, and Nero's 

 Golden House extended from the 

 Palatine to the Esquiline. Slight 

 excavations were made in the liith 

 century ; many works of art were 

 laid bare and carried off to other 

 Italian cities from the central area 

 in 1721-30. Systematic excavation 

 has been continued by the Italian 

 government since 1 870. See Rome. 

 Palaung. Burmese name for 

 aboriginal tribes of Mon-Khmer 

 speech in upper Burma. Calling 

 themselves Ta'ang, numbering 



(1911) 144,139, 



and allied to the 

 Wa, they are hill- 

 dwellers, mostly 

 in Tawngpeng, 

 Mongmit, and 

 other Shan states, 

 as well as the E. of 

 the Ruby Mines 

 dist. They were 

 driven out of the 

 Irawadi and Me- 

 kong headwaters 

 in recent times by 

 Shan and Kachin 

 pressure. Outside 

 their chief settle- 

 ments they are usu - 

 ally called Pales 



Palazzolo Acreide. Town of 

 Italy, in Syracuse prov., S.E. Sicily. 

 It is 27 m. W. of Syracuse city on 

 the mam road to Palermo. An an- 

 cient town founded by Greeks from 

 Syracuse as Acrae in 664 B.C., it was 

 later known as Placeolum, Balensul, 

 and El-Akrat. Tombs of all periods, 

 a small theatre of late Greek origin, 

 and a temple of the dead occupy the 

 old acropolis. Pop. 15,000. 



Pale. In heraldry, a broad band, 

 placed vertically, and occupying a 

 third of the shield. It is one of the 

 ordinaries 

 {/.!. ). If ashield 

 is divided down 

 the middle by a 

 vertical line it 

 is said to be 

 per pale. A 

 shield divided 

 by a number 

 of vertical lines 

 Pale, in heraldry is paly, the 



PALENCIA 



number of divisions being specified, 

 but if there are two such lines the 

 shield is described M tierced or 

 tiercy. A row of charge* placed 

 one above the other are described 

 at in pale. See Heraldry, col. plate. 



Pale (Lat. paliu, stake). Term 

 applied to that part of Ireland, in 

 Dul.lm. Kildare, Heath, and Louth, 

 where English law prevailed as op- 

 posed to the Celtic portion of the 

 island. The Pale dated from the 

 time of Henry II, though it did not 

 bear the name until the 14th cen- 

 tury. In the time of Henry VIII 

 the boundary was formed by 

 Dalkey, Tallaght, Kilcullen, Naas, 

 k, Sydan, Ardee, Derver, and 

 Dundalk, but with the complete 

 conquest of Ireland under Eliza- 

 beth the Pal<- disappeared. ,The 

 term is now applied to any portion 

 of a country whose inhabitants live 

 under a different system of govern- 

 ment from that of the country 

 generally. " Outside the pale " is 

 a figurative phrase. See Ireland. 



Palembang. Town, river, and 

 residency of Sumatra. The town is 

 54 m. from the sea in the S.E. of 



Palembang. Sumatra. Riverside scene in the town 



the island ; below the town the 

 river, also called the Musi, flows 

 through an extensive area of 

 marshland. The chief commercial 

 centre of the island, it trades chiefly 

 in coffee and pepper, particularly 

 with Malays, Arabs, and Chinese, 

 who reach the city by water. Many 

 of the houses are erected upon 

 floating platforms. A fine mosque 

 (1740) and an ancient palace are of 

 interest. Much of the residency is 

 forest ; here petroleum has been 

 found. It has been Dutch since 

 1825. The residency has an area of 

 32,580 sq. m. and % pop. of 600,000. 

 Town pop. 61,000. 



Palencia. Prov. of Spain. It is 

 in the N.W., S. of the Cantabrian 

 Mts., from which many streams 

 drain to the Pisuerga, which forms 

 the N.E. boundary and crosses the 

 S.E. of the province. The S.W. 

 contains the marshy Laguna de la 

 Nava in the Tierra de Campos. It 



