PALINDROME 



9941 



PALLADIUM 



Palindrome {<!r. palindromot, 

 rmmint- backwards). Word or 

 M-iiiriici- which read* the same 

 forwards or backwards. An ex- 



nin|ili> is the say inn put in the 

 ill-mill of Napoleon. "Able WM I 



TC I >.l\V Kll.a ." 



Palingenesis (Gr. palin, again , 

 gene.ii.i, birth). Metaphorically, tin* 

 iii-'ii of anything old, such 

 as institutions or mankind as a 

 whole. Philosophically, the theory 

 that all 'iving beings, animals as 

 well as men, will be born again to 

 a more j>erfect state. Biologically, 

 the reproduction of ancestral 

 characteristics without any change, 

 as opposed to cenogenesis. See 

 Heredity. 



Palinode (Gr. palin, contrari- 

 wise ;odf, song). Ode in which the 

 poet retracts the substance of an 

 iMilii-r poem, a recantation. 

 Stesichorus (fl. c. 610 B.C.) wrote 

 a palinode recanting an attack on 

 Helen, and Horace, Od. i, 16, 

 retracts the hasty iambic diatribes 

 he launched against Canidia in his 

 5th and 17th Epodes charging her 

 with sorcery. See Ode ; Poetry. 



Palin ur us. In classical legend, 

 the steersman of the ship of 

 Aeneas. The promontory of Pali- 

 nurus, now Cape Spartivento, on 

 the coast of Lucania, in Italy, ia 

 said in the Aeneid to have been 

 named from this hero, who there 

 fell into the sea. 



Palissy, BERNARD (c. 1510-89). 

 French potter. Born in S.W. 

 France, he was brought up to his 

 father's trade 

 of glass-paint- 

 ing. At Saint- 

 onge he began 

 experiments 

 which, after 16 

 years of effort, 

 resulted, in 

 1557, in his 

 perfecting the 

 Bernard Palis*;, process of col- 

 French potter oured enamel 

 ware which bears his name. He 

 was imprisoned as a Huguenot in 

 1562, but was released through the 

 influence of the Due de Mont- 

 morency, and in 1564-65 set up 

 his workshop in the Tuileries. 

 Towards the end of his life he was 

 again arrested as a heretic, and im- 

 prisoned in the Bastille, where he 

 died. See Pottery ; consult also 

 Palissy the Potter, H. Morley, 1852. 

 Pali tana. Native state and 

 town of India, in Kathiawar, Bom- 

 bay province. The state lies in the 

 8.E. of the peninsula of Kathia- 

 war. Grain, sugar-cane, and cotton 

 are grown. The town, 120 m. S.W. 

 of Ahmadabad, is an inland ter- 

 minus of a branch rly. line, with 

 connexions to Mehsana and Bhav- 

 nagar. The holy mt. of Satrunjaya, 



covered with .lain temples, 

 ates the town. The area of tin- 

 state it 290 M. m. Pop., state. 

 60.700 ; town. 13.400. 



Palk Strait. Shallow channel 

 separating N. Ceylon from the 

 Deccan. It lies N. of Adam's 

 Bridge, which separates it from the 

 Cull of Manaar. It w 45 m. wide 

 at the Bay of Bengal entrance and 

 opens out to the S.W.. leading to 

 Palk Bay. The name, originally 

 Palk's Straits, appeared first on 

 a map in 1764, in honour of the 

 then governor of Madras. 



Pall. Heavy cloth, black, 

 purple, or white in colour, used to 

 cover a coffin or hearse. Pall bearers 

 .!! men who walk by the side of 

 the coffin, holding the corners of 

 the pall. At the funerals of royalties 

 and t'reat men, men of eminence 

 usually act as pall bearers. 



Pall. In heraldry, a charge in 

 the form of the capital letter Y. It 

 is supposed to represent the 

 pallium, and sometimes depicted 

 as such, the lower end terminating 

 in a fringe. More commonly all 

 three ends touch the edge of the 

 shield, unless it is described as 

 couped, with the ends cut off. It 

 should occupy about a third of the 

 Held, and is by some authorities 

 classed as a subordinary (7.1-.). If 

 the ends are cut off to form points 

 the charge is called a shakefork. 



Palladian. Style of classical 

 architecture associated with 

 Andrea Palladio. Simple, correct, 

 and rather cold in form, it was in- 

 vented to meet the special demands 

 of Venetian patrons, who desired 

 villas and palaces which, while 

 serving all utilitarian purposes, 

 should at the same time present a 

 well-balanced and dignified ex- 

 terior in the neo-classic manner. 



In real Palladian buildings, such 

 as the Pala/zo Thiene at Vicenza, a 

 favourite device is the use of two 

 orders of columns or pilasters, the 

 minor order being used to support 

 the arches which occurred between 

 the major. Palladio preferred 

 the Ionic order, and his Corin- 

 thian capitals were not well done. 

 He avoided the broken pediment 

 and the pedestal ; always com- 

 posed his cornices with an eye to 

 the order employed : and was 

 scrupulously exact in the mathe- 

 matical arrangement of his doors 

 and windows. See Architecture ; 

 Jones, Inigo. 



Palladino.EusAriA (1854-1918). 

 Italian medium. Born in 1 .a Pouille, 

 she first exhibited psychic powers 

 at a seance in Naples, where she 

 was employed aa a kitchenmaid. 

 Adopting the career of a medium, 

 she attracted wide attention, and 

 gave seances in England and 

 America. Though detected in de- 



li berate deception on several occa- 

 !,- phenomena observed in 

 her presence levitations of furni- 

 ture, etc. puzzled many investi- 

 gators. She died at Naples, May 

 l>>. I'.'IH. See The New Rev< i 

 A. < '..mm Doyle. 1918. 



Palladio, ASDOJU (1518-80). 

 Italian architect. Born at Vicenza, 

 Nov. 30, 1518, he studied under 

 MBM^^ . Trissino, and 

 at Rome-. ll> 

 is the chief 



rxp'.iicnt. f tli- 

 new Roman as 

 opposed to the 

 Renaissance 

 architecture. 

 His work was 

 divided mainly 

 Andrea Palladio. between Vicen- 

 Italian architect ^ and Venice; 

 at the latter city he built the Fos- 

 cari palace, the Redentore church, 

 and the Carita, and an endless series 

 of villas. His influence on foreign 

 styles was enormous. He died at 

 Vicenza, Aug. 19, 1580. * 



Palladium. In Greek legend, a 

 statue of Pallas Athena, which fell 

 from heaven, and was kept in the 

 city of Troy, which could not be 

 taken so long as this statue was 

 there. Shortly before the fall of 

 Troy it was abstracted by Odys- 

 seus and Diomedes, who entered 

 the city in disguise According to 

 another legend, the Palladium was 

 taken to Italy by Aeneas after the 

 fall of Troy, and several cities pro- 

 fessed to own it. It was probably 

 a meteoric stone. In modern 

 language the word is used for a 

 safeguard. 



Palladium. Rare elementary 

 metal belonging to the platinum 

 group. Its chemical symbol is Pd. 

 atomic weight, 106*2 ; specific 

 gravity, 11*40 ; and melting point, 

 1,500 C. (2,732 Fah.). The 

 colour is white with a strong lustre, 

 resembling platinum. It is malle- 

 able and ductile, can be readily 

 welded, and approaches steel in 

 hardness. It is trie most fusible of 

 the platinum group. 



It occurs native, but associated 

 with platinum and iridium, in the 

 Urals, and with gold and silver in 

 certain of the gold sands of Brazil. 

 The chief source, however, is the 

 nickeliferous ores of Ontario. It 

 was first recognized by Dr. Francis 

 J. H. Wollaston in 1803. Because 

 of its great resistance to corrosion 

 by air and moisture, and its 

 hardness, it is used for certain 

 parts of the mechanism of chrono- 

 meters and special watches, and 

 for chemical and surgical appli- 

 ances. It is also employed in ton- 

 ing baths in photography. It has 

 great power for absorbing gases. 

 See Platinum. ' "* 



