PALLAS 



Pallas. One of the minor 

 planets or asteroids. It is remark- 

 able for its great inclination of 

 34 degrees to the ecliptic. The 

 second to be discovered, it was 

 found on March 28, 1802, by 

 Gibers (1758-1840). See Asteroids. 

 Pallas. In Greek mythology, 

 epithet of, and later name for, the 

 goddess Athena. It perhaps means 

 virgin. One of the Titans was also 

 called Pallas. See Athena. 



Pallas. Freedman of the Roman 

 emperor Claudius. Together with 

 another freedman named Nar- 

 cissus, and Agrippina, wife of 

 Claudius, he administered the 

 empire. On the accession of Nero 

 lie was dismissed from office, and, 

 after living some years in retire- 

 ment, fell a victim to Nero's desire 

 to possess his immense fortune. 



Palliser, SIR HUGH (1723-96). 

 British admiral. The son of a sol- 

 dier, he was born in Yorkshire, 

 Feb. 26, 1723, and entered the 

 navy in 1735. He saw a good deal 

 of service, both before and after 

 1746, when he obtained command 

 of a ship, and in 1759 took part in 

 the operations against Quebec. In 

 1764 he was made governor and 

 commander-in-chief at Newfound- 

 land ; in 1770 controller of the 

 navy ; and in 1773 a baronet. When 

 serving under Keppel in July, 1778, 

 the French fleet was engaged, but 

 the action was not pressed to a 

 conclusion. As a result, Pal- 

 liser, whose house was burned by a 

 mob, resigned his office and was 

 tried by a court-martial, which 

 gave an ambiguous verdict. How- 

 ever, he was made governor of 

 Greenwich Hospital and an admiral, 

 and he died March 19, 1796. 



Palliser, SIR WILLIAM (1830- 

 82). British soldier. Born in Dub- 

 lin, June 18, 1830. and entering the 

 army, from 

 which he re- 

 tired in 1871, 

 he made a 

 number of in- 

 ventions con- 

 nected with 

 ordnance. 

 The chief of 

 these were a 

 new method 

 of big gun 

 construction by the use of concen- 

 tric tubes of metal, the Palliser 

 bolts for holding armour plates, 

 and a method of chill-casting pro- 

 jectiles. He died Feb. 4, 1882. 



Pallium OR PALL (Lat., cloak). 

 Ecclesiastical vestment. Bestowed 

 by the pope upon archbishops and 

 certain bishops of the Latin Church, 

 and equivalent to the omophorion 

 of the Greek Church, it is made of 

 white woollen cloth, Y-shaped, 

 worn over the shoulders, falling 



Sir W. Palliser, 

 British soldier 



by archbishops of 



5942 



back and front, and is embroidered 

 with black or purple crosses. It 

 signifies that the wearer possesses 

 fullness of the epis- 

 copal office, and is 

 buried with him. 

 0^ obscure origin, 

 it is supposed to 

 have affinity with 

 the breastplate of 

 the Jewish high 

 priest. In early 

 times the word was 

 applied by the Ro- 

 mans to the Greek 

 cloak (himation), 

 the Latin Church particularly affec- 

 sums. oaiet ted by Diogenes 



AWashttourne anc | fa^ followers. 



Later it became, in an enriched 

 form, the robe of the emperor. 



Pall Mall. London thorough- 

 fare. It runs W. from the junction 

 of Cockspur Street and Pall Mall 

 East, where is an equestrian statue 

 of George III by 

 Wyatt (1836), to 

 St. James's Pal- 

 ace. Originally 

 formed about 

 1690, and at first 

 called Catherine 

 Street, it is, like 

 The Mall (q.v.), 

 named after the 

 French game of 

 pa ille-maille, 

 or pai l-m a ill, 

 played here in the 

 17th century. On 

 its S. side, going 

 W., are the United 

 Service, A t h e n- 

 aeum, Travellers', 

 Reform, Carlton, 

 Royal Automobile, Oxford and 

 Cambridge, Marlborough, and 

 Guards' clubs ; on the N. side the 

 Junior Carlton and Army and 

 Navy clubs. 



The R.A.C. is on the site of the 

 old war office, which was formed 

 from part of Schomberg House, 

 1650, once the residence of Cosway 

 and Gainsborough. At the S.W. 

 extremity is the entrance to Marl- 

 borough House. On the site of No. 

 79 was a house which belonged to 

 Nell Gwynn. At No. 51, Dodsley, 

 the publisher, had a shop. At the 

 old Star and Garter inn, Jan. 24, 

 1765, the 5th Lord Byron fatally 

 wounded Mr. Chaworth in a duel. 

 The Royal Society of Painters in 

 Water Colours has its gallery in 

 Pall Mall East, which runs W. from 

 the National Gallery. Pall Mall was 

 the first London street to be lighted 

 with gas, Jan., 1807. See Hay- 

 market ; London ; Waterloo Place. 



Pall Mall. Obsolete game, 

 called paille-maille in France, 

 whence it was introduced into Eng- 

 land in the reign of Charles I. It 



PALL MALL 



was a kind of combination of 

 croquet and golf, boxwood balls 

 being driven by mallets through 

 iron hoops set in an alley about 

 800 yards in length and floored 

 with powdered cockle-shells. The 

 game, which enjoyed great popu- 

 larity after the Restoration, is 

 mentioned several times by Pepys 

 in his diary. It was originally 

 played in the long alley near St. 

 James's Palace now called Pall 

 Mall, and there was another alley 

 for it in St. James's Park. A mallet 

 and some balls used in the game 

 were found in a house in Pall Mall 

 when being demolished hi 1845, 

 and are now in the British Museum. 



Pall Mall Gazette, THE. Lon- 

 don evening newspaper, estab- 

 lished by George M. Smith, Feb. 7, 

 1865. Frederick Greenwood was 

 the first editor. The description of 

 his experiences as An Amateur 

 Casual^ by James Greenwood, and 



Pall Mall, London. The street, looking west from 

 Waterloo Place. On the left is the Athenaeum Club 



Matthew Arnold's Friendship's 

 Garland, appeared originally in 

 the P.M.G., which became the 

 property of the founder's son-in- 

 law, Henry Yates Thompson, in 

 1880. Succeeding editors included 

 John (Viscount) Morley, W. T. 

 Stead, who created a sensation by 

 his articles on The Maiden Tribute 

 of Modern Babylon, which led to 

 his imprisonment in Hollo way ; 

 andE. T. (afterwards Sir Edward) 

 Cook. The paper was acquired by 

 the first Lord Astor in 1892, by 

 Davison Dalziel in 1915, and by 

 Sir J. Henry Dalziel in 1917. In 

 Oct., 1920, the Hon. Morton Weir 

 acquired portion of Sir H. Dalziel's 

 interest, and in 1921 The Globe was 

 amalgamated with it. It was in- 

 corporated in The Evening Stand- 

 ard, 1923. The Pall Mall Magazine, 

 The Pall Mall Budget, and a series 

 of Pall Mall extras were issued from 

 the offices of the P.M.G. The title 

 of the paper was taken from 

 that "Written by Gentlemen for 

 Gentlemen" in Thackeray's novel, 

 Pendennis- 



