PAMPAS 



5947 



PANAMA 



rattl.- and *heep. Toay, or 

 Rosa do TOIIV, is the centre of 

 almmi -i i it !!! Area, 56,320 *q. m 

 l'..|.. II'.I.IHIO. 



Pampas. Tfin|K-rute grasslands 

 i >f S. America, Mtuate. I \\ i if tin- 

 Parana m.r ami K. of the Andes. 

 i p port vast numbers of cattle 

 and sheep, mill pnn|nce emirmnux 

 .|ii.intitie> dt \\IHM! for export 

 inee Arireiitina ; Stepjie 



Pampas Grass ((!;/< 

 argentmin). Noble grans of the 

 natural order (Iramineae It i-- a 



Tuit of the South American grass 



native of S. America, where it grows 

 on the pampas. It forms a tuft 

 five or six feet in diameter, its long, 

 slender, arching leaves heing about 

 six ft. long. The flowers form large, 

 dense, silky, and silvery-white 

 plumes rising to a height of 10 or 12 

 ft., bearing 40 or 50 plumes. 



Pampas Indians. Collective 

 term for the S. American Indians 

 upon the Argentine plains. In the 

 N. they were largely of Guaycuru 

 and Guarani stocks. On the true 

 pampas they mingled with the 

 Araucanian Puelche. Usually un- 

 clad, they were predatory and war- 

 like, becoming eventually better 

 riders than the Gauchos. They 

 migrated beyond the Rio Negro 

 in 1881 See American Indians. 



Pampero. Cold, squally, S. or 

 S.W. wind experienced in Argen- 

 tina and Uruguay in the neigh- 

 bourhood of the Rio de la Plata. It 

 appears to be a wind blowing over 

 the pampas in the rear of a cyclonic 

 system of low pressure. 



Pamphlet. Treatise of short or 

 moderate length, usually unbound 

 and of small format, and generally 

 dealing with matters of current 

 public interest. In a technical 

 sense, a pamphlet is a printed 

 work with eight or more pages of 

 matter, the whole not exceeding 

 five sheets. 



The derivation of the word is 



time*. I'Vuiii tin- linn- of the Re- 

 ((.i in. iii. in id.- pamphlet haii been 



of COM-I.II-I ii.!i- in-'- ii. importance 

 ami .ift.-n ever, -iseil inii.-li political, 

 occletii ' i social mllm m 



minis, Lut! 



vin used it, and the Civil v 

 Kiejl.iml produced an aatoiii-hiiiL' 



crop of enntroversial uorku ill 



pamphlet form, many, such as 

 those of .lolni Milt. .n. of _'!'. it in 

 tcrest. One of the moot eel. 

 collections is that of Civil War 

 pamphlets in the British Museum, 

 numbering 



L'.'IHMI 



l>ef(X!, Swift, 



William Law, 

 "Junius," and 

 Newman represent 

 \an.ins aspects 

 of pamphlet-writ- 

 ing. Periods of war 

 and revolution 

 bring the pamphlet 

 into active life, e.g. 

 1780-1815, 1848, 

 1914-18. See 

 Broadsheet; News- 

 paper ; Pasquin- 

 ade; Tract. 



P a mp hyl i a 

 (Gr., land of all 



tribes). Ancient region on the S. 

 coast of Asia Minor, between Lycia 

 on the W. and Cicilia on the E. Its 

 inhabitants were of mixed race, 

 partly Semitic and Greek. Pam- 

 phylia belonged successively to the 

 Persian and Macedonian empires 

 and to the kingdom of Syria and 

 of Pergamum, from which, in 133 

 B.C., it passed to Rome. 



Pamplona. City of Spain, 

 capital of the prov. of Navarre. It 

 is 16 m. from the French frontier, 

 among the foothills of the W. 

 Pyrenees, on the Arga, a tributary 

 of the Aragon, 195 m. N.K. of 

 Madrid. It is a rly. centre for the 

 prov. The Gothic cathedral was 

 built in 1397 over the ruins of 

 the earlier edifice of 1100. The 

 Cortes of Navarre met in the Sala 

 Preciosa. The bull-ring seats 8,000. 

 It was rebuilt by 

 Pompey in 68 B.C., 

 taken from the 

 Romans, sacked by 

 Charlemagne, un- 

 success fully at- 

 tacked by Moors 

 and C a s t i i i a n 8, 

 blockaded by Well- 

 ington, and b e- 

 sieged by Carlists, 

 Pop. 31,000. 



Pamplona. City 

 of Colombia, in the 

 li- 1 it. of Santander 

 It is 40 m. S. ii 



the Spaniard* in 1549, it wan, for a 

 time, a valuable source of gold. It 

 is the see of n l.i-h.p. Pop. 20,000. 



Pan. In ' v, the 



..I of shepherds. Generally re- 

 iranli -d u* the ton of Hermes, and 

 especially associated with Arcadia, 

 he was of monstrous appearance, 

 uitli the horns and legs of a goat. 

 He was the inventor of the flute, or 

 shepherd's pi|. "Inch he made 

 from reeds, after the nymph 

 Syrinx, whom he had pursued, bad 

 at her own request been turned 

 over into a reed by the gods. The sud- 

 den apparition of Pan to travellers 

 caused terror, whence the word 

 panic. The legendary representa- 

 tion of the devil U a memory of 

 Pan and similar beings. 



Panaetim . Stoic philosopher 

 of the Und century B.C. A native of 

 Rhodes, educated at Pergamum 

 and Athens, he came to Rome, and 

 was there admitted to the friend- 

 ship of Laelius and Scipio the 

 Younger, with whom he went to 

 Egypt and Asia, afterwards becom- 

 ing the foremost teacher of Greek 

 philosophy in Rome and in Athens. 



Panama. Republic of Central 

 America, formerly a dept. of the 

 republic of Colombia. The separa- 

 tion arose in 1903 



Panama Republic 

 arms 



from the exigen- 

 cies of the situa- 

 tion regarding the 

 Panama Canal ; 

 independence was 

 asserted on Nov. 

 3, and the govt. 

 was recognized by 

 the U.S.A. and 

 other powers. By 

 the 18th of the month the treaty 

 which provided for the construc- 

 tion of the canal was signed by 

 Panama and the U.S.A. The con- 

 stitution, adopted in 1904 and 

 amended in 1918, is based upon 

 an elected president and an elected 

 chamber of deputies. 



The state occupies the narrowest 

 portion of the connecting link be- 

 t \\ccn N. and S. America, and lies in 



obscure, some authorities claiming 



that it comes from Pamphilus or Cucuta near tJie 



Pamphila, a Latin poem which Venezuelan fron- 



circulated widely in medieval tier. Founded by 



Pamplona, Spain. Capuchin Monastery on the banks oi 

 the Aria, near Pamplona 



