PANTHER 



5055 



I tin- Illdll- 



trie* include rly. 

 wagon factories, 

 ill- making of 

 chocolate, soap, 

 preae r vr 



. 



(cries, dye-works, 

 and some stone 

 quarries. Although 

 an old town, HH-M- 



tioii.-d :it IVnthl 



mi 111 in the lltli 

 utiiry, it has 

 no noteworthy 

 points of interest. 

 Pop. 36,400. 



PAOLI 



B x, D y. The longer D * U 

 r.-Utiv.-ly to D y, the greater will 

 be the movements of C relatively 

 tn those of B. If the reproduction 

 in to ! l.-irx'T than the original, a 

 ]>'-n> il j , in -.-rted at C and a tracing 

 stylus at B ; if smaller, the posi- 

 i ionn are reversed. 



Pantomime. Art of acting 

 wit limit words, by gestures and 

 facial expression only. Though 

 practised in ancient Greece, it 

 became more popular in Rome, 

 where it had the great advantage 

 of supplying an entertainment 

 intelligible to the cosmopolitan 

 crowd that lived there. Facial 



as a memorial to the hoi 



'. and was burnt A.D. 80. 

 Tin- main structural parts of the 

 Pantheon consist of a rotunda and 

 a dome, the interior of the latter 

 forming a perfect hemisphere, the 

 total height and diameter of the 

 building amounting to 142ft. Gins. 

 The portico of Corinthian columns 

 supports a massive pediment (q.v.) 

 surmounted by another parti- 

 ally screening the dome, \vhii-h 

 is constructed of solid concrete and 

 li-htrd at the summit by an open- 

 ing 27 ft. in diameter. Originally 

 the dome was covered with tiles of 

 gilded bronze, but these were 

 removed by Constantino II, a 

 leaden covering being substituted 

 by Pope Gregory III. The in- 

 terior is lined with marble. In 

 609 the Pantheon was conse- 

 crated by Boniface IV, and dedi- 

 cated to S. Mary of the Martyrs. 

 It contains the tombs and monu- 

 ments of eminent Italians. 



The Pantheon, Paris, a building 

 m the Roman style, with a large 

 portico and a dome, designed by 

 Soufflot, was begun in 1764, and 

 has been three times a church, 

 dedicated to S. Genevieve, and 

 three times, as now, a temple of 

 honour to great Frenchmen, of 

 whom Voltaire, Rousseau, and 

 Hugo are buried in the crypt. See 

 Architecture. 



Panther (Felia pard-us). Large 

 and ferocious spotted cat. It is a 

 native of Africa, S. Asia, Java, and 

 Japan. About 7 ft. in length, its 

 upper parts are yellow closely 

 spotted with black, paling to 

 white on the under surface. The 

 spots vary in form from broken 

 rings and ovals to short longitu- 

 dinal bars and blotches. Generally 

 known in India as the panther, 

 in other parts of its distribution 

 it is called leopard ('/.''). 



Pan tin. Town of France, in the 

 dent, of Seine. An industrial 

 suburb of Paris, it lies just outside 

 the fortifications, 1 m. N.E. of the 

 city. The Ourcq canal runs past 



Pantheon, Rome. Interior of the Pantheon of Agrippa, now used as a church. 

 Top, left, front of the building, showing portico of Corinthian columns 



Pantograph. Instrument for 

 copying designs on a larger or a 

 reduced scale. Its principle is 

 shown by the accompanying 

 illustration. A D, D C and B V. 

 B E are two pairs of rods of 

 equal length, hinged together at 

 D and B respectively, and attached 

 by removable screws at x and y. 

 The apparatus is secured to the 

 board by a spike at A, about 

 which it can be moved freely in 

 any direction. All four rods have 

 a series of holes in them, and by 

 setting the screws in similarly- 

 numbered holes the sides D z, 

 B y of the parallelogram B x D y 

 may be made equal to, longer 

 1 1 M n. or shorter than the sides 



Pantograph for copying designs on different scales. See tost 



expression, however, was excluded 

 in those days because of the masks 

 worn by the performers contri 

 vances of bark, leather, or metal, 

 lined with cloth, which covered 

 the entire head. In the 17th and 

 18th centuries the word panto- 

 mime was applied in France to a 

 kind of mythological ballet which 

 was in great favour in Poris 

 and at Versailles. Nowadays the 

 word is seldom used in English, 

 except in connexion with Christ- 

 mas productions of the Jock and 

 the Bean-stalk order, which have 

 an immense vogue throughout the 

 British Empire. The Harlequinade, 

 formerly a distinctive feature of 

 them, and usually concluding the 

 performance.isnow 

 often omitted. See 

 Actor; Drama; 

 Harlequin: Pan- 

 taloon. 



Paoii, PASQUALE 

 (1720-1807). Cor- 

 sican pat riot. Born 

 at Rostino, Corsica , 

 April 25. 172,-., th 

 son of the Corsican 

 leader, Giacinto 

 Paoli (1702-68), 

 he was educated 



