I'AI, I HI N' 'fAJ AN 



5998 



PARTRIDGE 



them. Hi. i. 



i >f which remain in their pia< i . the 

 bulk <>f tin- 111 the 



Knti-li Mii-Miim. 'I'hr Mihjects. 

 iiii-lii. liny combats between the 

 Centaurs and the Lapithae, and 

 Greeks and Amazon*, are treated in 

 high relief. The group of statuary 

 <>i> the eastern pediment represents 



tile Illltll of Athena ; tllllt i>n the 



'i, tin- contest between 

 Athena and Poseidon for tin- pos 

 Mca. Finally, tli<- eon 

 timioiis frie/.c round tin- t-clla, re- 

 presenting the Panathcnaic j 

 \.il. i inks as the moHt wonderful 

 pictorial representation in |ou re 

 lief in the world, as regards liutli 

 scale an. I treatment. In contrast 

 to the ^Ictiinin^ white marble 

 column- and roof of the Parthenon, 

 the sculptures and mouldings \\en- 

 enriched with colour. With the ex- 

 cept ion of the inside sculptures, the 

 Parthenon remained nearly intact 

 till ItiST, when the explosion by a 

 Venetian bomb of a powder maga- 

 zine stored here by the Turks das- 

 lodged much of its splendid 

 masonry. See Acropolis, also col. 

 plate ; Art ; Athens ; Centaur ; 

 Elgin Marbles ; Nashville. 



Bibliography. The Antiquities of 

 Athens, .J. Stuart and N. Keveit, 

 1762-1815; Der Parthenon. A. 

 Michaeli?, 1871 ; Ancient Atlu-n-. I-'.. 

 A. Gardner, 1902 ; The Sculpture of 

 the Parthenon, A. S. Murray, 1903 ; 

 Athens and its Monuments, c. H. 



Weller, 1913. 



Parthenopaean Republic. Re- 

 publican state formed at Naples, 

 1799-1800. The name is taken from 

 Parthenope, the old name of Naples. 

 Established under French auspices, 

 Jan. 23, 1799, after the flight of 

 Ferdinand IV the republic was 

 in the hands of patriotic and 

 cultured men who endeavoured to 

 establish a model state run on 

 elevated, but quite impracticable 

 lines. Championnet, the French 

 general, did little to help. 



When Cardinal Ruff o, commission- 

 ed by Ferdinand to re-establish the 

 Bourbon rule, marched up through 

 Calabria with his army of brigands 

 and liberated convicts, the French 

 withdrew, and after a desperate 

 but hopeless encounter, the repub- 

 licans were defeated at Font*' della 

 Maddalena, Ruff o and his cutthroats 

 entering and sacking Naples, June 

 13, 1800. An armistice was signed 

 between Ruffo and the republican 

 authorities, which Nelson ignored 

 on his arrival. He arrested and 

 hanged Caracciolo (q.v.), and other 

 leaders of the republic, which thus 

 ended in treachery and bloodshed. 

 See Naples. 



Parthia. Country of ancient 

 Asia. It lay S.E. of the < 

 Sea, and adjoined Media on its 

 W. and N.W. border. It formed 



a part f the old Peniao or 

 Mienid empire, and when 

 that empire wan overthrown by 

 Alexander the Great, and Nplit up 

 among hut successors, was in 



ill the dominion of the Seleilcld 



kin^M of Syria. About 2AO B.C., 

 ix-came an independent 

 kingdom un.|. -r Aruce* I, the 

 founder of the- Arsacid dynasty. 

 During the succeeding centuries it 

 increased enorm<>u-ly m -i/.e and 

 importance, and under .Mithra 

 date* I (ITU IHH n.c.) became the 

 Parthian empire, .-trctchm^ at it- 

 greate*t extent from the Kuphi.i'' - 

 I.. beyoml tin- In. lu-. K\en the 

 all-conquering Romans could make 

 no real headway against this great 

 'ii power. 



Of nomadic Scythian origin, 

 though gradually absorbed by the 

 Persians, the Parthians relied on 

 their formidable mounted bowmen. 

 They promoted Greek civilization, 

 and made Ctesiphon their capital. 

 They overthrew Crassus (q.v.) at 

 Carrhae (Haran), in 53 B.C., con- 

 quered Syria, 40-38, and were 

 again intermittently at war with 

 Rome with varying success from 

 A.D. 115 to 218. In A.U. ><) 

 Parthia was conquered by the 

 Persian, Ardashir I, and absorbed 

 in the rehabilitated Persian empire. 



Partick. Dist. of Glasgow, for- 

 merly a separate burgh. It is 

 situated where the Clyde is joined 

 by its tributary, the Kelvin, which 

 separates it from Glasgow proper. 

 It is in the main an industrial area, 

 with engineering works, ship- 

 building yards, etc. Victoria Park 

 is a memorial of Queen Victoria's 

 jubilee. In 1912, having a pop. of 

 about 66,000, it was absorbed into 

 Glasgow. Before the industrial 

 developments of the 19th century, 

 Partiek was a village at which the 

 hi -Imp of Glasgow had a palace. 

 See Glasgow. 



Parti nico. Town of Sicily, in 

 the prov. of Palermo. It stands on 

 the coastal rly., about midway 

 between Castellamare and Pal- 

 ermo, l.~> m. direct W.S.W. of the 

 latter city. It manufactures silken 

 and woollen goods, and trades in 

 wine and oil. Pop. 22,000. 



Partition. In law. the actual 

 <li\ i-ion, by metes and bounds, of 

 real profH-rty which belongs to co- 

 owners. At common law a <<>- 

 owner could claim a partition of the 

 common property ; but by the 

 Partition Acts, 1868 and 1876, the 

 court may now, on any suit for 

 partition, order that instead of the 

 property beiiijj divided it shall be 

 sold, and the proceeds divided. 



Partnership. Defined by the 



I'.u inci -liip Act, 1890, as "the 

 which subsists between 



two or more person* carrying on a 

 business in common with a new to 

 profit" Thus there are excluded 

 int ownership of property ; 

 and the mere association of person* 

 with a common object but not with 

 a view to proiit, e.g. a soeial club. 

 or a philanthropic society. The 



is that every partner is ag< 

 the firm as a whole. 



The law of Scotland differs from 

 the law of England and Ireland. In 

 la firm is a separate legal 

 person, just as a limited liability 

 company or corporation is. In 

 Kn-land" and Ireland * there is no 

 smh thing, in law, as a linn. 

 That is, a partnership firm is 

 merely a convenient way of describ- 

 ing the individuals who compose 

 the firm ; and the righto of a 

 creditor are against these indivi- 

 duals, so that he can sue them 

 individually and issue execution 

 against their private estate. In 

 England and Ireland, also, all part- 

 nership debts are joint. In Scotland 

 partnership debts are joint and 

 several. 



As between partners the rights 

 and duties and powers are governed 

 by the agreement of partnership, 

 called the article* of partnership ; 

 but these may be varied from time 

 to time by practice, or verbal ly. 

 A partnership comes to an end by 

 effluxion of time, agreement to 

 dissolve, decree of dissolution, or 

 death of a partner. 



Partridge. Game bird of which 

 two species occur in Great Britain. 

 The common or grey partridge 

 (Perdix cinerea) is found through- 

 out Great Britain and Europe, but 

 the French or red-legged species 

 (Caccabis rufa) is a native of S. 

 Europe, and was introduced into 

 Great Britain about the close of the 

 18th century. The French part- 

 ridge is distinguished by its more 

 handsome plumage, and bright red 

 legs and beak, and has now become 

 common in England, preferring 

 sandy soil and uncultivated land, 

 as distinct from the grey part- 

 ridge, which thrives best on rich 

 soil and amid cultivated fields. 

 The French bird is more fleet of 

 foot and difficult to approach than 

 the grey partridge. 



Partridges are found in coveys 

 of from five to twenty birds, ex- 

 cept in the nesting season, feeding 

 upon insects, leaves, grain and 

 other seeds early in the morning 

 and in the afternoon. During the 

 heat of the day they bask in the 

 sun and take frequent dust baths. 

 At niidit the covey roosta in a circle 

 in the middle of an open field, 

 each bird facing outwards as a pre- 

 caution against enemies. The nest 

 is made of grass and leaves placed 



