PARTRIDGE 



PASCAL 



in a hollow in the earth under a 

 hedge or among the standing corn, 

 and may contain as many as 18 eggs. 

 In Great Britain and Ireland the 

 partridge-shooting season as fixed 

 by the Game Act is from Sept. 1 

 to Feb. 1 inclusive. The birds are 

 either driven towards the guns 

 or shot over dogs. In large, open 

 fields the former is the more usual 

 plan, beaters raising the birds 

 and then driving them towards the 

 guns arranged in line in the form 

 of an arc of a circle. In small 

 fields and broken country walking 

 up the birds over dogs is the better 

 plan, pointers and retrievers being 

 the best dogs. See Eggs, col. plate ; 

 Game ; Game Laws ; Shooting. 



Partridge, SIR BERNARD (b. 

 1861). British cartoonist. Born in 

 London, Oct. 11, 1861, son of Prof. 

 Richard Part- 

 ridge, F.R.S., he 

 was engaged in 

 stained -glass 

 designing, 

 1880-84, paint- 

 ed in oil, water 

 colour and 

 pastel, but was 

 best known as 

 a black- 

 and- white 

 ^ illustrator 

 "" and car- 

 ^ toonist. 



He began to contribute to Punch 

 (q.v.) in 1891, and became chief 

 cartoonist. He was knighted in 

 1925. See John Bull. 



Partridge Berry (Mitchell a 

 repens). Small trailing evergreen 

 herb of the natural order Rubia- 

 ceae. It is a native of N. America. 

 It has small roundish-oval, shining, 

 opposite leaves, and small fragrant 

 white flowers in pairs. It bears 

 scarlet, edible berries. 



Partridge Wood (Andira in- 

 ermis) OR CABBAGE TREE. Evergreen 

 tree of the natural order Legu- 

 minosae. It is a native of Jamaica. 

 The alternate leaves are broken 

 into about a dozen oval-lance- 

 shaped leaflets in two rows. It 

 has clustered purple flowers and 

 roundish fleshy pods. The name is 

 also applied to the wood of 

 Heisteria coccinea, a W. Indian 

 tree of the natural order Olacaceae. 

 Parts of Speech. In grammar, 

 the name given to the different 

 classes of words, the members of 

 which play a special and well- 

 defined part in the sentence. They 

 are generally reckoned as eight in 

 number : adjective, adverb, con- 

 junction, interjection, noun, pre- 

 position, pronoun, verb. - See 

 Adjective ; Noun ; Grammar. 



Part-song. Musical term for an 

 unaccompanied work for three or 

 more voices, also applied loosely 



Partridge. Red-legged or French 



species ; top, common British 



partridge 



W. 8. Berridge, F.Z.S. 



to any short choral work. It has 

 always been a popular form among 

 British composers, of whom pro- 

 minent representatives are Hatton, 

 Smart, Sullivan, Barnby, Mac- 

 farren, and Sterndale Bannett. 



Partridge Berry. Stem of foliage 



and flowers, showing trailing roots ; 



inset, single flower 



Party. In politics, a body of 

 persons holding the same political 

 opinions and usually opposed by 

 a party holding other opinions. 

 Government by party is the 

 normal condition of things in all 

 countries where popular repre- 

 sentation is established. The word 

 is also used for those who hold 

 similar views on religious or other 

 matters, e.g. a party in the 

 Church of England, and in a more 

 general sense for a body of persons 

 banded together in some common 

 purpose, as a pleasure party. In law, 

 party is a synonym for a litigant. 

 See Conservative ; Democrat ; Left ; 

 Liberal ; Republican ; Unionist, etc. 



Party- Wall. Wall separating 

 one house from another. The term 

 is, however, often applied to a 

 wall or fence separating the land 



of one owner from that of another. 

 Prima facie, a party-wall belongs 

 to the owners of both houses 

 equally, as tenants in common, 

 and both are liable to repair it. If, 

 however, a complete house exists, 

 and another is built alongside it 

 so that the wall of the first house 

 is used as the wall of the second, 

 the wall continues to belong to the 

 first house, and the owner thereof 

 is bound to keep it in repair. 



Pas (Fr., step). Word adopted 

 in English for certain dances par- 

 ticularised by other French words 

 indicating the number of per- 

 formers engaged. Thus a pas seul 

 is an exhibition of the art of danc- 

 ing given by a single virtuoso ; a 

 pas de deux, de trois, or de quatre, 

 a similar spectacular display by 

 two. three, or four dancers. 



Precedence is another sense in 

 which there is good authority for 

 the use" of the word pas in English, 

 to have the pa-s of anyone signi- 

 fying the right of going before him 

 on ceremonial occasions. Faux pas, 

 a false step or trip, is an accepted 

 term for a social solecism. See 

 Ballet ; Dancing ; Russian Ballet. 



Pasadena. City of California, 

 U.S.A., in Los Angeles co. It is 

 9 m. N.E. of Los Angeles, and is 

 served by the Atchison, Topeka, 

 and Santa Fe and other rlys. It 

 is a residential city and winter 

 resort. Notable places in the 

 vicinity are the Busch Sunken Gar- 

 dens and Mount Wilson, on which 

 is the Carnegie Solar Observatory. 

 Pasadena was settled in 1874, and 

 incorporated in 1886. Pop. 45,400. 



Pasargadae OR PASARGADA. City 

 of ancient Persia. Situated in the 

 plain now called Murghab, it was 

 established as the capital of Persia 

 by Cyrus the Great until it gave 

 place to Persepolis. The tomb of 

 Cyrus has been identified. 



Pascal, BLAISE (1623-62). 

 French philosopher, theologian, and 

 mathematician. Born at Clermont- 

 Ferrand, Au- 

 vergne,June!9, 

 1623, and edu- 

 cated in Paris 

 and Rouen by 

 his father, who 

 was president 

 of the Court 

 of Aids, he 

 showed early 

 , remarkable 

 mathematical 

 genius, exemplified in his Geometry 

 of Conies, 1639, calculating ma- 

 chine, and contributions to the 

 study of atmospheric pressure, the 

 infinitesimal calculus, equilibrium 

 .of fluids, and probability. 



Apart from his mathematical 

 works and studies in natural 

 science, Pascal is famous as a 



Blaise Pascal, 

 French philosopher 



