PASSAGE 



PASSCHENDAELE 



adopt it as a medium for dis- 

 playing their fertility in devising 

 variations. It was thus very much 

 like the Chaconne (q.v. ), though in 

 the Passacaglia the theme might 

 appear in any part. One of the 

 most celebrated examples is Bach's 

 Passacaglia in C minor for the organ. 



Passage, WEST. Town of co. 

 Cork, Ireland. It stands on the W. 

 side of Cork Harbour, 6 m. from 

 Cork, with a station on the Cork, 

 Blackrock, and Passage Rly. It has 

 a harbour and some shipping, and 

 is also visited by pleasure seekers. 

 Pop. 1,800. 



Passaglia, CARLO (1812-87). 

 Italian theologian. He was born 

 at Lucca, May 2, 1812, joined the 

 Jesuits at fifteen, became in 1844 

 a professor at the Collegio Romano, 

 and was in favour with Pope Pius 

 IX. His championship of Italian 

 unity and opposition to the tem- 

 poral power of the pope led to his 

 expulsion from the Jesuit Society, 

 and he settled at Turin, where the 

 king made him professor of moral 

 philosophy. In 1861 he became a 

 member of the Italian parliament, 

 and editor of II Mediatore. Excom- 

 municated in 1862, he died March 

 12, 1887. 



Passaic. River of New Jersey, 

 U.S.A. It winds first in a N.E. 

 direction, and at Paterson turns S. 

 to enter Newark Bay between 

 Jersey City and Newark. At Pater- 

 son it makes a sheer descent of 50 

 ft. It is 98 m. long and navigable 

 for about 10 m. to Passaic city. 



Passaic. City of New Jersey, 

 U.S.A., in Passaic co. It stands on 

 the Passaic river, at the head of 

 navigation, 13 m. N.W. of New 

 York, and is served by the Erie and 

 other rlys. Among its industries 

 are the manufacture of chemicals, 

 textiles, silk, rubber, leather, and 



Passau, Bavaria. View 1'rom the north-east, near the confluence of the 



Inn, Danube, and Ilz. In the town are seen the towers of the cathedral 



of S. Stephen 



metal ware. Settled about 1676, Pas- 

 saic was incorporated hi 1869 and 

 became a city in 1 87 3. Pop. 63,800. 



Passamaquoddy Bay. Inlet 

 on the E. coast of N. America. An 

 arm of the Bay of Fundy, between 

 the state of Maine, U.S.A., and 

 the province of New Brunswick, 

 Canada, it is 12 m. long and 6 m. 

 wide, and forms a fine harbour, 

 protected by a group of islands. 

 Among the rivers flowing to the 

 bay is the St. Croix. The bay is 

 named from an Algonquin tribe, 

 now nearly extinct. <r. 



Passant. In heraldry, an animal 

 walking past in profile, with its 

 dexter paw elevated. If its head is 

 turned towards the spectator it is 

 passant guardant, and if looking 

 back over its shoulder passant 

 regardant. See Heraldry, col. plate. 



Passaro. Cape of Sicily. It 

 forms the S.E. corner of the island 

 and is a low, rocky projection on 

 the E. side of the small bay of 

 Porto Palo. Here Admiral Byng 



fained a naval victory over the 

 panish fleet on Aug. 31, 1718. 

 Passarowitz OR POZAREVAC. 

 Town of Yugo-Slavia, in Serbia. It 

 lies near the Morava river, 13 m. 

 E.S.E. of Semendria, 37 m. E.S.E. 

 of Belgrade, and has considerable 

 agricultural trade, and agricul- 

 tural schools, beng a centre of a 





Passchendaele, Belgium. Air view of the ruined village after its bombardment, 

 ' showing the shattered church in right foreground 



rich stock-raising and corn-growing 

 country. The treaty of Passaro- 

 witz, signed on July 21, 1718, by 

 Austria, Venice, and Turkey, with 

 England and the Netherlands as 

 mediatories, assigned Morea to the 

 Turks, but gave Austria the 

 Temesvar, Wallachia as far as the 

 Aluta, Belgrade, and other parts of 

 Serbia, Pop. 13,000. See Turkey. 



Passau. Town of Germany, in 

 Bavaria. It lies on the Danube, 

 here joined by the Inn and Ilz 

 rivers, 92 m. E.N.E. of Munich, 

 and is composed of the town 

 proper, Ilzstadt, on the right bank 

 of the Ilz, Innstadt, on the right 

 bank of the Inn, and the suburb of 

 Anger, on the left bank of the 

 Danube. The steeply built town 

 contains the fine cathedral of S. 

 Stephen, possibly a 5th century 

 foundation, rebuilt in baroque style 

 between 1665-80, the Oberhaus, 

 formerly a castle and later a 

 prison, and many old houses. The 

 industries include the manufacture 

 of porcelain, pottery, leather, fur- 

 niture, and paper. Pop. 20,000. 



Passau, TREATY OF. Agreement 

 to conclude hostilities between 

 Roman Catholics and Lutherans, 

 1552. Signed by Maurice, elector of 

 Saxony, the Lutheran champion, 

 and Ferdinand, king of the Romans, 

 on behalf of the emperor Charles V, 

 its principal clauses provided for 

 holding a diet to consider how 

 best to prevent future religious 

 warfare. It decreed that if the 

 conference should prove abortive, 

 peace should be continued ; and 

 gave free exercise of religion to 

 both Protestants and Roman 

 Catholics. See Augsburg, Peace of. 



Pass book. Book given to each 

 client of a bank, in which particulars 

 of his account are recorded, and so 

 called because it passes between 

 the two parties. Pass books are 

 made up periodically by the banks, 

 and usually the cancelled cheques 

 are returned with them. 



Passchendaele. Village and 

 ridge of Belgium, in the prov. of 

 W. Flanders. The former is 7J m. 

 N.E. of Ypres, and stands on the 

 ridge of the same name. Previous 

 to the Great War it had 3,300 

 inhabitants, but was practically 

 destroyed. The ridge, 200 ft. 



