B907 



tin- M-II, extending from 

 <!helu\clt onthe smith t. tli. 



of Hi'llllilll-t oil Illr ll.irtll, l tin- 



v. it ii.n lM-fc.ri- tin- Handera 



plain i^ readied. From tho niiniinl 



mi Inch tin- 1 -Iniri-h formerly stood, 



Bruges aiul Outend can be seen in 



.M-.ithiT. Tho villa:. 



.i|itmvil l.y tl 



I'.M 1. ami -tioiiciy for- 



tllied, and \veie lu-lil until stormed 



l>y tin' Biiti-Oi in (i t Nov., 1917. 



mail advance of 



I '.Ms. tin-.- p-.-it:o|is u, ! 



I l>\ the Ue!gi;in> in Oct., 

 I'.Ms .N,. Ypres. llatt' 



Passenger Duty. Tax levied 

 upon railway travelling. It was 

 imposed in is JJ at the rate of 5 p.c. 

 on all money n-crived from pas- 

 uaHir. It is only paid upon 

 that obtained from first and second 

 class fares, as an Act of 1883 

 al>oli-lied it in tho case of all fares 

 not exceeding a penny a mile, and 

 it was not imposed on third-class 

 fares when these were raised during 

 the Great War. The Act also re- 

 duced it to 2 p.c. on short journeys 

 in urban districts. 



Passenger Pigeon (Ectopi*leg 

 migrator iua). Species of pigeon 

 found in N. America, notable for 



Passenger Pigeon. The 

 American species 



North 



its long wings and long narrow 

 tail. It formerly occurred in vast 

 flocks, and at its nesting sites 

 every tree for many miles was 

 laden with the nests. It was 

 largelv shot for the table, and in 

 one year 15,000,000 birds were 

 procured in Michigan and Penn- 

 sylvania. It almost disappeared in 

 1888, and is now apparently ex- 

 tinct, the last known survivor 

 dying in the Zoological Gardens, at 

 Cincinnati, in 1914. See Pigeon. 



Passe-partout (Fr., passes 

 everywhere). Term used in Eng- 

 lish as well as in French, both 

 literally and figuratively, in the 

 sense of an expedient for obviating 

 difficulties. Thus it is applied to a 

 master-key, i.e. to a key which 

 opens a scries of locks, the sub- 



oidmate keys opening only one lock 

 each ; to an adjital>l>- ; 

 frame or mount ; to strip* of adhe- 

 sive paper for the easy mounting 



<.f put lire* or photograph*; and, 

 in printing and engraving, to a 

 l>oruer which may be used 

 w itli diil. ii-nt centres. 



Passepied <>it Titim-ms, aU> 

 coimpted in Knglwh as I'aspy, or 

 patwy-meoiMir. An old !.. 

 Breton origin, a vanety of the 

 r.i .i.!.-. in ulin-h dancers imitated 

 shepherds. laundresses, etc., it was 

 liroiii;ht to I'aris before 1600. and 

 remained popular for nearly 200 

 years. The French ballets of the 

 17th and 18th centuries contain 

 many examples. The mink: is in 

 triple time, similar to that of the 

 minuet, but much quicker. 



Passeriformes, l'\ I:KISE OR 

 PERCHING BIRDS. Order of birds, 

 distinguished by the presence of 

 four toes, three in front and one 

 behind, a certain type of palate, 

 and the habit of constructing 

 elaborate and finished nests, etc. 

 The section includes the fim -In -. 

 u iil )lers, thrushes, crows, swallows, 

 shrikes, etc., numbering thousands 

 of species and more than half the 

 existing birds. They are named 

 after power, Latin for sparrow, a 

 typical member of the order. 



Passifloraceae. Passion-flower 

 family, a natural order of trees, 

 shrubs, and herbs. They are natives 

 of tropical and sub-tropical regions, 

 especially of S. America. They 

 have mostly alternate leaves and 

 showy, regular flowers. Tho fruit 

 is a many-seeded berry or capsule, 

 in some species edible. 



Passim (Lat.). Scattered 

 throughout (a book, etc.). 



Passing Bell. Name given to 

 the solemn tolling of a bell, usually 

 of a parish church, at the death or 

 " passing " of a parishioner. 



Passing Notes. In music, un- 

 essential notes of melody inserted 

 between other notes which belong 

 to the harmonies. 



Passing of the Third Floor 

 Back, TIIK. Morality play, written 

 liy .Jerome K. Jerome. It was pro- 

 duced Sept. 1, 1908, at the St. 

 James's Theatre, London, where 

 it ran for 186 performances. The 

 story tells how the stranger, an in- 

 carnation of Christian influence. 

 appears in a Bloomsbury boardinn- 

 house and transforms the charac- 

 ters of all the inhabitants Forbes- 

 Robertson played the leading part. 

 See Forbes-Robertson, Sir .1. 



Passion, THE. Term used in a 

 religious sense for the sufferings 

 and Crucifixion of Jesus Christ. It 

 early became a custom in the 

 Church to recite the story of the 

 Passion as told in the Gospels, the 

 narrative portion being sung to 



PA8SIONI8T8 



i by a tenor, while 

 ehea wen allotted 

 ed voice* and tin 

 jrowd were sung by 



individual speeches 

 to other selected T 

 answers of the crowd 

 a chorus. These mi 

 tions were known as Passion music. 



Among the earliest composers 

 to produce definite Passions in 

 this form were the Spaniard Tom- 

 masso Ludovico da Victoria (1540 

 -1613) and the Italian Fran- 

 cisco Soriano (b. 1549). A little 

 later the German H'-mri'l, 

 (1585-1672) wrote four Passions 

 and the Story of the Resurrection 

 of Christ. Another German, R. 

 Reiser (1673-1739), introduced the 

 chorale. . rman genius, pro- 

 foundly influenced by the Reforma- 

 tion, WII.H particularly sensitive to 

 this form of music, and in the 

 hands of J. S. Bach Passion music 

 attained its highest development. 

 Elsewhere it was gradually modi- 

 fied and assumed the form of 

 oratorio (q.v.). 



Passion Flower (Pcuriflora). 

 Large genus of climbing herbs and 

 shiul)s of the natural order Passi- 



Passion Flower. Foliage and bloom 

 of the American climbing shrub 



tioraceae, natives chiefly of the 

 warmer parts of America. They 

 have variously lobed or undivided 

 leaves, mostly alternate, and stout 

 tendrils by which they climb. The 

 flowers, which are of remarkable 

 ftr.icture, are often large and 

 showy, coloured blue, purple, red, 

 white, or yellow. The cup-shaped 

 receptacle bears 4-5 sepals, an equal 

 number of petals, and a corona of 

 very many spreading filaments. 

 The sexual organs are borne above 

 the corona on an organ known as the 

 gynophore; there are 4-5 spreading 

 stamens with large anthers, and 

 above them is the ovary support- 

 ing the clubbed styles. The name 

 (flos paaionis) is due to the fact 

 that the early Jesuits, with a little 

 straining of the facts, saw in the 

 flower numerous emblems of the 

 Crucifixion. 



Passionists. R.C. order of 

 priests and laymen, entitled the 

 Congregation of Discalced Clerks 

 of the Most Holy Cross and Passion 



