PATERSON 



6004 



PATHOS 



was one of the old inns of court. 

 Panyer Alley was a station for 

 bakers who sold bread from pan- 

 niers. Castle Inn, kept by Tarlton, 

 the Elizabethan jester, stood 

 between Panyer Alley and Queen's 

 Head Alley. The Chapter coffee- 

 house was famous in the 18th cen- 

 tury as a publishers' meeting- 

 place. See, Amen Court. 



Patcrson. Township of New 

 South Wales. It stands on Pater- 

 son river, 132 m. by rail from 

 Sydney, and is the centre of a 

 rich dairying and citrus fruit 

 district. Pop. of district, 13,500. 



Pater son. City of New Jersey, 

 U.S.A., the co. seat of Passaic co. 

 It stands on the Passaic river, 15 

 m. N.W. of New York, and is 

 served by the Erie and other rlys. 

 and the Morris canal. The river 

 here makes a descent of 50 ft., and 

 provides ample water-power for 

 the various industries. Silk is an 

 important manufacture, Paterson 

 being the chief centre in the U.S.A. 

 Founded in 1791, Paterson became 

 a township in 1831 and a city in 

 1851. Pop. 135,000. 



Paterson, ROBERT (1715-1801). 

 Scottish Covenanter, known as Old 

 Mortality. Born near Hawick, 

 April 25, 1715, he was a mason 

 by trade. As such he spent 40 years 

 of his life travelling round the 

 country, erecting or repairing me- 

 morial stones on the graves of 

 martyred Covenanters, leaving his 

 wife and family to shift for them- 

 selves. He died Jan. 29, 1801. 

 Patcrson's eccentric life suggested 

 to Scott the theme of Old Mortality. 



Paterson, WILLIAM (165S- 

 1719). British financier. Born at 

 Tinwald, Dumfriesshire, April, 

 1658, he left Scotland about 1685. 

 He tramped through England, 

 living for a time in Bristol, and 

 then made his home in the Baha- 

 mas. Returning to England about 

 1690, he entered business life in 

 London, and in 1694 was affluent 

 enough to found the Bank of Eng- 

 land, the deed on which his fame 

 rests. Less successful, however, was 

 the Darien Scheme (q.v.), which he 

 originated after he ceased to take 

 part in the management of the 

 Bank and had left London for 

 Edinburgh. He sailed to Darien 

 in 1698, and returned with the 

 survivors in 1699. Afterwards he 

 was -engaged in arranging the 

 financial relations between Eng- 

 land and Scotland after the union 

 in 1707. He died Jan. 22 ; 1719, 

 having written a good deal on com- 

 mercial and financial matters. 



Patesi. Sumerian name for the 

 ruler of a city-state in early 

 Babylonia. It regarded him as the 

 steward of the city-god, in whose 

 name he administered its affairs. 



Sir G. E. Patey, 

 British sailor 



Russell 



The office might be inherited, 

 especially when local rule was 

 strong and autonomous. See Baby- 

 lonia ; consult also Patesis of the 

 Ur Dynasty, C. E. Reiser, 1920. 



Patey, SIR GEORGE EDWIN (b. 

 1859). British sailor. Born Feb. 

 24, 1859, he entered the navy in 

 1872, and 

 served in the 

 Zulu War of 

 1879. Assis- 

 tant director 

 of naval intel- 

 ligence, 1901- 

 2, he was flag- 

 captain of 

 H.M.S. Vener- 

 able, Mediter- 

 ranean station, 

 1902-4, and 

 commanded the Implacable, 1905- 

 7. In 1910-13 he commanded the 

 2nd battle squadron, 2nd div., and 

 was commander-in-chief, Australian 

 fleet, 1913-19. He was created 

 K.C.V.O., 1913, promoted vice- 

 admiral, 1916, and admiral, 1918. 



Pathan. Name popularly de- 

 noting the Iranian peoples of E. 

 Afghanistan and the N.W. frontier 

 proy. of India. The predominant 

 speech is Pushtu; the harsher 

 dialects are spoken by the aristo- 

 cratic N. tribes, the softer by the 

 democratic S. tribes. The Pathans 

 numbered in India(1911) 3,796,816. 

 The term also denotes the early 

 Mahomedan dynasties and archi- 

 tecture at Delhi (13th-15th cen- 

 turies). A unit of Pathans, num- 

 bered the 40th infantry, is 

 attached to the Indian army. See 

 Afridi ; Mohmand j Waziri. 



Pathfinder. British light 



cruiser. She was torpedoed by a 

 German submarine off the E. coast 

 of Scotland, Sept. 5, 1914, when 

 259 lives were lost. She belonged 

 to the Sentinel class of eight vessels 

 completed in 1905, and was 370 ft. 

 long, 38 ft. in beam, displaced 

 2,900 tons, and had a speed of 25 

 knots. Her armament consisted of 

 nine 4-in. guns, ten 12-pounder 

 and eight 3-pounder guns, and two 

 torpedo tubes. 



Pathology (Gr. pathos, disease ; 

 logos, discourse). Study of the 

 essential nature of disease, par- 

 ticularly the structural changes 

 and morbid processes in the body 

 which are associated with disease. 

 The investigator uses experimental 

 pathology when he produces a 

 disease in animals and studies its 

 effects. The microscopic investiga- 

 tion of the tissues constitutes 

 histology. The observation of 

 morbid processes in sick persons is 

 termed clinical pathology. The 

 study of the changes in diseased 

 tissues is sometimes called morbid 

 anatomy. 



Pathos (Gr. pathein, to suffer). 

 Quality in life and art which 

 touches the emotions, especially 

 pity and compassion. It is usual 

 to speak of pathos as if it were the 

 antithesis of humour, but its ap- 

 peal is too subtle to be so easily 

 defined. It has, indeed, such 

 affinities with humour that there 

 is more of pathos in some laughter 

 than in some tears. The extremes 

 of tragedy are too terrible to be 

 pathetic ; they rise above or fall 

 below an emotion so essentially 

 gentle and personal. 



The keynote of pathos is sim- 

 plicity, an entire immunity from 

 self-consciousness and self-asser- 

 tion. It is " the sense of tears in 

 mortal things," the other side of 

 beauty, youth, and happiness. 



Dickens was , 

 a master of pa- 

 thos, but failed 

 in depicting it 



Pathan. Types 

 from the North- 

 west Frontier of 

 India 



as often as he 

 succeeded, too 

 often allowing 

 it to degenerate 

 into sentimen- 

 tality by be- 

 stowing upon an 

 action or a mood 

 a n elaboration 

 which deprive 

 it of its natural- 

 n e s s. The 

 poignan ce of 

 Lear's tragedy 

 i s heightened 

 throughout by 

 the pathetically 

 incongruouslove 

 betwixt the old 

 king and his fool, his patient for- 

 bearance with the fool's sharp- 

 edged frivolities amidst all his 

 distractions ; and there is, perhaps, 

 nothing more pathetic in English 

 literature than the hopeless heart- 

 break of his cry after the fool's 

 death : 



" Thou'lt como no more, 

 Never, never, never, never, never!" 



King Lear's disasters, the fool's grim 

 end, belong to tragedy ; but here 

 Lear's grief has the note of com- 

 mon, universal sorrow that reaches 

 all hearts by the homelier way. 

 Pathos is as inevitably spontaneous 

 as it is elusive. 



There is no pathos that is not so 

 unpremeditated that it takes you 

 unawares. It is a wholly artless 

 expression of feeling, and in art it 

 must seem so, or it falls from the 

 sublime into the more or less 

 ridiculous. 



