PAUL 



Paul. I'rban dist of Cornwall, 



from ivii/anoe. 



Tin- i-lnef liiiililmu i* tin- < huroh of 

 S. Paul iiml id.' in i. n iml'i 



'I'll.' Spam. ml- liiiin.-i| the 

 iii l.V.KJ. It) the iui^liln.nr 

 n* of a I 



.imp Pop. li.lNNI 



6000 



Paul. Masculine Christian name. 



M. it U a con- 



ilhiN. Mid mean* 



-iniill. It became popular through 



..MI Christendom because born* by 



S. Paul. The form Paulus W some 



time* used; Paula, Pauline, 



Paulina, and Pauletteare feimmm- 



PAUL: SAINT AND APOSTLE 



*v. Jamci Stalk, r. D.D.. Author, Tb Lit* of . Paul 

 This article s one <>/ a sfriet of biographies of the Chn\tian MIIH/N, 

 e.g. Andrew, I'tter, and others. See also Christianity; Jews 

 t; the article Acts of the Apostles, and those on S. Paul's 

 '<?, e.g. (ialat 1,111-. 



l';iul. the npo>tle of Jesus < 

 was born at Tarsus, in Cilicia, 

 about the same time as Jesus 

 i'iin-t was born in Judea. HU 

 name was originally Saul, and the 

 change is mentioned in the middle 

 of his first missionary journey 

 without any explanation being 

 given. He was a Jew of the Dis- 

 persion, and the contrast of Jew 

 and Gentile formed the background 

 of all his thinking. His birthplace 

 was a considerable city, with ex- 

 tensive transit trade, and it 

 specialised in the manufacture of a 

 kind of haircloth, named after the 

 province and used in making tents. 

 Paul learned the trade of tent- 

 making, and the possession of this 

 handicraft played a part subse- 

 quently in his life as a missionary. 

 Tarsus was, besides, a university 

 city, and from this circumstance 

 Paul obtained a tincture of Greek 

 literature, as well as a contempt for 

 pedantry. 



Though, however, in Paul's eyes 

 Tarsus was " no mean city," tlic 

 city of his heart was elsewhere. He 

 was brought up " an Hebrew of the 

 Hebrews " ; and it was entirely in 

 harmony with his deepest aspira- 

 tions when he was sent to Jeru- 

 salem to learn to be a rabbi. He 

 was brought up there " at the feet 

 of Gamaliel," out did not absorb 

 the tolerant spirit of that rcholar. 

 Jesus had just been crucified, ami 

 the Christian religion had started 

 on its career. The young rabbi was 

 among the first opponents of the 

 new sect, colliding with Stephen 

 and its other champions ; and he 

 headed a persecution intended to 

 suppress it altogether. But on the 

 way to Damascus, where he was 

 going to hunt out the Christians, 

 he was converted, bv a vision of the 

 Crucified, to the faith which he 

 was attempting to destroy, and he 

 immediately testified in Damascu- 

 that Jesus was the Christ 



So sudden and complete a re- 

 volution demanded from a mind 

 like his time for reflection ; and 

 there followed three years spent 

 by him in Arabia, thinking out 

 the full import of his exj>erience. 

 I 



Paul had never been satisfied 

 with In- own religion, and his dis- 

 satisfaction with it had reached a 

 crisis at the very time of the in- 

 cident at Damascus. The Jewish 

 law had produced in him, not holi- 

 ness, but the sense of sin, his con- 

 science Lii'ou iir_ f more and more 

 troubled ; the death of Jeaus for 

 sin not only satisfied his con- 

 science, but awoke deathless grati- 

 tude to Him who was the author of 

 so great salvation. He longed to 

 make known the discovery to all 

 men. Through faith and love he 

 felt himself one with Christ ; and 

 Christ seemed to continue to act 

 and suffer in his own personality. 



Saint Paul the Apostle. From the 

 painting by Rubens 



Prto OalUry, MttrlA 



These ideas, especially justification 

 by faith, union with Christ, ami the 

 universality of the Gospel, be- 

 came the watchwords of his life, 

 ;m<l, though the emphasis laid 

 by him on one or another varied 

 according to circumstances, he 

 never lost his faith in them or hi* 

 enthusiasm for proclaiming them. 



Missionary Journeys 



On leaving Arabia, Paul went 



to Jerusalem ; but the disciples 



.ifr.n.l of the persecutor 



turned aixwtle, till Barnabas won 



for him their confidence ; ami tin n 



PAUL 



he began to preach with power. 

 The opposition of the Jews was 

 too strong, however, and be had to 

 bo sent away to Tarsus, where he 

 spent not a few yean, of uln.h 

 there is scarcely any recor<l. m 

 lining hi* native province. 

 It was Barnabas, whun his own 

 work at Antioch was so successful 

 demand additional help. 

 who brought him again into the 

 .f ih. Christian movement, 

 iiml it was in rompany with this 

 1 1 1. -ii. I that be was sent forth from 

 Antioch, now become a second 

 Jerusalem, on his first missionary 

 v. This tour described a 

 kind of circle PHI ml Cilicia, and so 

 was a continuation of his earlier 

 labours. It was attended with 

 astonishing difficulties, but no less 

 astonishing success. His second 

 missionary journey was by far the 

 most adventurous and influential,' 

 as he carried the Gospel into 

 Europe and evangelised the cities 

 of Greece, among them Athens and 

 Corinth. The third journey went 

 over the same ground, but its 

 principal centre was Ephesus, 

 which had been passed by in the 

 second journey. 



Imprisonment at Caesarea 



Paul's aspiration now was to 

 preach the Gospel at Home, and 

 this hope was to be fulfilled, al- 

 though in a way he little antici- 

 pated. On arriving in Jerusalem 

 at the end of his third journey, he 

 was arrested at the instance of the 

 Jews ; in danger of being surren- 

 dered to his enemies, he appealed 

 to Caesar, and so had to be sent to 

 Rome for trial before the emperor. 

 On the way thither he suffered a 

 long imprisonment at Caesarea, 

 and at Rome his trial did not come 

 on for two years. But in prison he 

 kept up ceaseless communication 

 with the Churches he had founded 

 all over the empire. He sent them 

 letters, now known as his Epistles, 

 an I received letters from them ; 

 their office-bearers were sent to 

 visit him, and his disciples and 

 helpers visited them ; he was pin- 

 ing all the time to bo at large and 

 engaged in his beloved work again. 

 It has been questioned whether 

 this desire was gratified, but the 

 probability is strong that it was. 

 Not only is there the unanimous 

 testimony of antiquity to this effect, 

 but three Epistles of his the two 

 to Timothy and the one to Titn- 

 appear to belong to the period 

 after his first imprisonment at 

 Rome, and these contain notices of 

 visits of his to such places as 

 Ephesus uml Crete. 



In the second Epistle to Timothy 

 In- 1- in prison at Rome. e\; 

 not release, but the speedy emlim: 

 of his course. At Three Fountains. 



