PAXO 



001 5 



PAYTA 



Guiana. The trunk, which attains 



u height of not., loo ft 



ll lltll 



. :lii<l tliiou, .nit acn : 

 lllioilt MV fret from the ground. 



'I'll'- leaves are 12 to 20 ft long, 



divided into two i.. us of leaflet*. 



PAXO ">< l'\\>s. Smallest of tlin 

 : I -l.uula, Greece. 



With dimension^ .", in. l>v '2 in., and 



v surface, it produces fimn 



and olive oil. The capital is Gaios, 



on tin- ! I',, p. 4,000. 



Pax Romana ii: Tim jieaoe). 



|i|.|lr.| t<> till' i.llillt |..|| of 



i 111 nnpirt' from the aooes- 

 simi of Nerva, A.D. 98, to the death 

 us Amelias, A.D. 180. Tins 

 period was one of profound peace. 

 The analogous phrase Pax lri- 

 tannica has conic into use to denote 

 the peace maintained in those put- 

 of the world which are under 

 British protection. 



Paxton, Sm JOSEPH (1801-65). 

 British architect and gardener. 

 ;t Milton Bryant, liedford- 

 shire, Aug. 3, 

 1801, the son 

 of a small 

 farmer, he 

 was appointed 

 superinten- 

 dent of the 

 gardens at 

 Chatsworth in 

 1826. He 

 built the con- 

 servatory and 

 fountains, the 

 first being the model for the Crystal 

 Palace of 1851. His plans for the 

 exhibition having been approved, 

 he was knighted in 1851. He repre- 

 sented Coventry in Parliament from 

 1854 until his death at Sydenham, 

 June 8, 1865. 



Pay Day. On Stock Exchange, 

 the last day of the settlement. 

 Thereon stocks and shares taken 

 up must be paid for, or the buyer 

 will be treated as a defaulter. 



Paymaster. Non-combatant 

 rank of officer in the navy and 

 army. I n t he navy the grades range 

 from assistant paymaster (under 

 four years' standing), correspond- 

 ing to sub-lieutenant, to the pay- 

 master-in-chief, who has equivalent 

 rank to executive captain. They 

 may be distinguished by the white 

 edging to the gold cuff stripe or 

 stripes. -See Army Pay Department. 

 Paymaster- General. Govern- 

 ment official in charge of a small 

 department which pays out public 

 money in accordance with the 

 votes of Parliament and as re- 

 quisitioned by the Treasury. He is 

 a member of the Government, but 

 not of the Cabinet, and is unpaid. 

 He was first appointed after 1660, 

 and perquisites and commissions 

 long made his office perhaps the 



Sir Joseph Paxton, 

 British architect 



Afltr Oakley 



most lucrative in the public service, 

 office was reorganized 

 of M-eoiidary import- 

 Treasury. 



Payment of Member*. 



used for the payment of salaries to 



members of a legislature. The pay- 



of members' expenses in 



England dates from very early 



tmi. -. .ind VM .it !il-t d.-fl i\.-d l.v 



the constituencies, but it la pun I 

 i period, when a 

 seat in the House began to be re- 

 garded as a privilege. In the British 

 House of Commons, after a long 

 agitation, a payment of t UNI a year 

 was sanctioned by the House, Aug. 

 11. I'M I. In 1'XM some M.lVsen- 

 deavoured to obtain parliamentary 

 s.iiK-tiou for the oemption of their 

 salaries from income tax, and to 

 receive free railway travel during 

 the session. At that time the 

 effort was unsuccessful, but in 

 1 '.>_> 1 lirst-claAs railway passes were 

 sanctioned. 



The British Dominions have 

 adopted the payment of members. 

 Those of the Canadian House of 

 Commons receive the allowance of 

 4,000 dollars (800) for the session, 

 with a deduction of 25 dollars a day 

 for every day beyond 15, if the 

 member does not attend. Members 

 of the N.S. Wales legislative assem- 

 bly receive 500 a year, with free 

 rail and tram travel, and are pro- 

 vided with official stamped en- 

 velopes for the transmission of cor- 

 respondence. Those of the Victoria 

 assembly receive a reimbursement 

 of 500 for expenses, free postage 

 and travel. In Queensland M.P.'s 

 receive 300 per annum, free post- 

 age and stationery ; in S. Aus- 

 tralia 200 per annum and free rly. 

 travel ; in Western Australia 400 

 per annum and free rly. travel. 

 Most of the leading foreign coun- 

 tries have adopted payment of 

 members. In France the salary w 

 600 a year, with a deduction for 



li.-e||, BA. 



Payn, JAMES ( 1830-98). British 

 novelist. He was born at Chelten- 

 ham, Feb. 28, 1830, and educated 

 at Eton, afterwards spending a 

 year at the Royal Military Aca- 

 demy at Woolwich. An article 

 describing life at Woolwich, which 

 was accepted by Household \Y< >nU. 

 was his first 

 introduction 

 to literature, 

 to which, after 

 four years at 

 Trinity Col- 

 lege, Cam- 

 bridge, Payn 

 resolved to 

 devote him- 

 self. He ed- 

 ited Cham- sJ**l4r r~S9-t/-n- 

 bers's Jour- 



rial 18AS-74. Mid also the C 

 Magazine. 1882-'.' rlu in- 



1877; 

 i than 



Water, I >lk of the 



Town. 1885, win- h ! .ils with 

 the Shakespearean for-, r Ireland. 

 Some Literary Recollections, 1884. 

 contains interesting reminiscences 

 of contem | try society, 



and The Backwater of Life, pub- 

 lished posthumously in 1890, some 

 cultured essays. He died in Lon- 

 don, March 25, 1898. 



Payne, JOHN HOWARD (1791- 

 1852). American actor and play- 

 wright. Born in New York, he 

 made his stage 

 debut at the 

 Park Theatre 

 there, Feb. 24, 

 1809, as Young 

 d in John 

 H o m e's t r a- 

 Douglas. 

 He acted i n 

 England, 

 adapted 

 ue3 m any 

 plays 



from the French, was U.S. consul 

 at Tunis, 1842-45 and 1851-52, and 

 died there, April 9, 1852. He is 

 chiefly remembered as author of 

 Home, Sweet Home (q.v.). See 

 Lives, C. H. Brainard, 1885; W. T. 

 Hanson, 1913. 



Paysandu. Department of W. 

 Uruguay. It is situated E. of the 

 Uruguay river, which separates it 

 from the Argentine provs. of Entre 

 Rios and Corrientes. It is rich in 

 minerals, yielding gold, silver, 

 copper, and iron, and sheep and 

 cattle are reared. Area, 5,115 sq. 

 m. Pop. 61,000. 



i'aysandu, the capital, stands 

 on the E. bank of the Uruguay 

 river. 170 m. N. of Buenos Aires 

 and 282 m. by rly. N.W. of Mon- 

 tevideo. A modern town, with 

 fine public buildings, it has large 

 abattoirs, and carries on a trade 

 in livestock, etc. The town was 

 founded in 1772. Pop. 22,000. 



Pays d'Etat. Term used to 

 describe those provinces of France 

 which, before the Revolution, had 

 certain local privileges. Their 

 estates retained some of their 

 earlier powers, chiefly that of 

 voting their own taxes. Languedoc, 

 Brittany, Burgundy, Provence, and 

 Artois were the chief pays fetal, 

 and there were some smaller dis- 

 tricts of like nature, most of tin m 

 on the frontiers. All provinces 

 uhii h were not pays fetal were 

 called pays f election. In these 

 the government was completely 

 n ntralised. See France. 



Payta. Seaport of N. Peru, in 

 the dcpt. of 1'iura. It exports 

 cotton; cotton-seed, goat skins. 



