P.C. _ 



and hides. The port is specially 

 equipped for traffic in petroleum. 

 There is a short railway to Piura, 

 the capital of the dept. Pop. 4,000. 

 P.C. Abbrev. for privy council, 

 or councillor ; police constable ; 

 perpetual curate ; postcard. 



Pea (Pisum sativum). Annual 

 climbing herb of the natural order 

 Leguminosae. Its seeds and pods 

 are edible, and 

 form one of the 

 most popular of 

 vegetables. The 

 origin of the 

 garden pea is 

 unknown, but 

 it is said to have 

 been intro- 

 duced into Bri- 

 tain from S. 

 Europe in 1548. 

 The seed should 

 be sown month- 

 ly from Feb. to 

 May or June, in 

 a deep rich soil 

 with a little 

 lime added. 

 The use of 

 stable manure, 

 except in very 

 small quanti- 

 ties, is not re- 



Pea. Pods ol green Commended for 

 pea, showing method edlble P eas ' M 

 of splitting it has a ten- 



dency to make 

 the plants pro- 

 duce much stem and leaf, but only 

 indifferent pods. The best dressing 

 is a dusting of nitrate of soda when 

 the young plants are about 1 ft. in 

 height. 



The seeds of the pea should 

 be planted fairly thickly, say one 

 pint to 200 ft. in length of border, 

 and it is a good plan, before sowing, 

 to roll the peas in red lead, as -this 

 helps to protect them from the 

 ravages of birds and mice. They 

 should be sown about 3 or 4 ins. deep 

 and 1 in. apart diagonally, for the 

 dwarf kinds, and at a greater dis- 

 tance for the taller sorts, while the 

 rows should be from 18 ins. apart for 

 the dwarf kinds and from 4 to 6 ft. 

 apart, according to height, for the 

 taller growing varieties. The plants 

 may be trained upon brushwood, 

 known as pea-sticks, or across hori- 

 zontally stretched wires or strings. 

 Dwarf peas need no training, but 

 are apt to get spoiled by violent 

 rains. The variety known as sugar 

 pea has edible pods. See Fruit- 

 ^ Peabody. City of Massachusetts' 

 U.S.A., in Essex co. It is 2 m. W- 

 of Salem, and is served by the 

 Boston and Maine Rly. It contains 

 the Peabody Institute, with a fine 

 library and a high school. An im- 

 portant industrial town, its chief 

 manufactures are leather,' boots 



courtesy of Button 



George Peabody, 



American 

 philanthropist 



6O1 6 



and shoes, gloves, electrical ap- 

 pliances, cotton goods, and soap. 

 Formerly known as South Danvers, 

 it assumed its present name in 

 1868 in honour of George Pea- 

 body, born here in 1795. It became 

 a city in 1917. Pop. 19,600. 



Peabody, GEORGE (1795-1869). 

 American philanthropist. Born 

 at South Danvers, Massachusetts, 

 Feb. 18, 1795, 

 he was em- 

 ployed as a lad 

 in a dry-goods 

 store, setting 

 up in business 

 for himself in 

 1814. The busi- 

 ness prospered, 

 branches were 

 opened in New 

 York and 

 Philadelphia, 

 and in 1837 Peabody came to 

 London, where, retiring from the 

 American business in 1843, he set 

 up as a merchant and banker. 

 The large fortune he had amassed in 

 America he employed in philan- 

 thropic work. In England he gave 

 150,000 for the London poor, and 

 500,000 to establish the Peabody 

 dwellings. He died in London, 

 Nov. 4, 1869, and after lying in 

 state in Westminster Abbey, his 

 remains were taken to America. 



Peabody Trust. Fund estab- 

 lished in 1862 by George Peabody, 

 who gave or left a total sum of 

 600,000 to trustees to build houses 

 for the working classes of London. 

 Blocks of buildings were erected in 

 various parts of London until there 

 were 18 of them. By the end of 1918 

 the Trust owned dwellings with 

 15,939 rooms, in which 22,392 

 persons lived. The average weekly 

 charge for each room was 2s. 4Jd., 

 this including water and the use of 

 laundries and sculleries. 



Peace (Lat. pax). State of quiet, 

 the opposite of warfare. The word 

 is also used as a synonym for a 

 treaty, e.g. the peace of West- 

 phalia. In early times, by the pro- 

 clamation of a truce of God, down 

 to modern days, by the setting up 

 of a League of Nations, attempts 

 have been made to create or per- 

 petuate a state of peace between 

 nations. These have taken the 

 form of agreements for the sub- 

 mission of disputes to arbitration, 

 and conferences such as those held 

 at The Hague, and of other ways, 

 while peace societies have been 

 established in Great Britain, the 

 U.S.A., and other countries. See 

 Arbitration, International ; League 

 of Nations ; Treaty ; War. 

 - Peace. River of Canada. Ris- 

 ing W. of the Rockies in the 

 mountains of British Columbia, it 

 passes through the Rockies and 



PEACE 



flows mainly N. and N.E. through 

 the N. of Alberta. Just N. of Lake 

 Athabaska it joins the Slave, and 

 the united stream empties itself 

 into the Great Slave Lake. Its 

 length is 1,067 m. and its chief 

 tributaries are the Finlay, Smoky, 

 Little Smoky, and Parsnip. Its 

 basin covers 117,000 sq. m. The 

 Peace River district in Alberta 

 is very rich in minerals, especially 

 coal. The river is navigable 

 beyond Dunvegan except for 2 m. 

 near Vermilion Falls. 



Peace, CHARLES (1832-79). 

 British criminal. Bom in Sheffield, 

 May 14, 1832, he received his 

 first sentence for robbery in 1851. 

 In 1854 he was sentenced to four 

 years' penal servitude for burglary, 

 and afterwards always worked 

 alone for fear of betrayal. Peace 

 had a remarkable power of dis- 

 guise. _ The loss of two fingers of 

 one hand suggested to him the use 

 of a false arm with a hook, an 

 identity mark which he put on 

 and off at pleasure. 



On Nov. 29, 1876, Peace com- 

 mitted at Bannercross, near Shef- 

 field, the murder for which he was 

 hanged. At large after a term of 

 penal servitude, he was living, 

 under his own name, next door to 

 an engineer named Arthur Dyson. 

 Bad blood arose between the two 

 men over Mrs. Dyson, and Peace 

 shot Dyson. He then disappeared, 

 and, under the name of John 

 Ward, started a career of burglary 

 in the London suburbs, living in 

 a large house in Peckham, and 

 passing as a rich man of the 

 highest respectability. 



One early morning in 1878, a 

 policeman named Robinson came 

 across Peace at work in the 

 grounds of a large house on St. 

 John's Hill. Though Peace shot 

 and wounded him severely, the 

 burglar was secured. He gave his 

 name as John Ward, and under 

 that name was convicted at the 

 Old Bailey, Nov. 19, of attempting 

 the life of a policeman, and sent 

 to penal servitude for life. The 

 woman with whom Peace had 

 been living, however, betrayed 

 him, and he was tried at Leeds 

 winter assizes for the murder of 

 Dyson, and sentenced to death. 

 Before his execution he confessed 

 to many burglaries and at least 

 one murder, that of Constable 

 Cock at Manchester in 1876. For 

 this crime a man named William 

 Habron had been convicted and 

 sentenced to death, and was 

 actually suffering penal servitude 

 tor life at the moment of Peace's 

 confession. He received a free 

 pardon and 800 compensation. 

 Peace was hanged at Leeds, Feb. 

 25. 1879 



