PEACE 



Peace Conference. 



of representatives of I 



foll..um u host ilit i< to settle terri- 

 torial and other question*. A 

 peace conference usually follows 

 an armistice, but whore one nation 

 completely defeats another terms 

 of peace may be dictated without 

 a oonfareooe. 



trnn w specially associated 

 with the meeting of Allied powers 

 1 w, 1919, which drew up 

 the various peace treaties follow m . 

 the Great War. It WM formally 

 opened on Jan. 18, and i!7 nut ion- 

 were represented, but tin- . In, t 

 it ions were conducted by 

 five Great Powers Great Britain, 

 France, United States, Japan, and 

 Italy. At first two represent 

 of each, constituting the council 

 of ten, carried on the main work, 

 nut tliis was soon reduced to four, 

 Japan dropping out. The main 

 drill K-rations were conducted by 

 the " Big Four " Lloyd George, 

 Clemenceau, Wilson, and Orlando, 

 various drafting committees and 

 commissions working simultane- 

 ously. The peace terms were pre 

 sented to Germany on May 7, and 

 signed June 28 ; those to Austria 

 were presented June 2, and signed 

 Sept. 10; Bulgaria signed on Nov. 27. 

 See Neuilly ; St. Germain : Sevres ; 

 Trianon ; Versailles, Treaty of ; 

 consult also A History of the Peace 

 Conference of Paris, ed. H. W. V. 

 Temperley, 1921. 



Peaceful Penetration. Term 

 applied to methods of obtaining 

 political influence, particularly 

 among backward races, by means 

 of trade. It was used with specific 

 reference to Germany in the years 

 preceding the Great War. In a 

 wider sense the term implies 

 similar methods of commercial 

 aggressiveness in all foreign mar- 

 kets. Germany was particularly 

 successful in this international 

 competition, largely owing to her 

 wide system of credits, adapta- 

 bility to the varied needs of her 

 foreign customers, and willingness 

 to do business at a lower margin of 

 profit than most of her rivals for 

 the world's commerce. 



Peace Society. Association for 

 the prevention of war. There are 

 some hundreds of them throughout 

 the world, one having been estab- 

 lished in England in 1816. The 

 offices are at 47, New Broad Street, 

 London, E.C. In 1843 the various 

 peace societies held an interna- 

 tional congress at Brussels, this 

 being the first of a number of such 

 meetings. See Arbitration. Inter- 

 national ; Hague Conference. 



Peach (Prunua Peraica). Small 

 fruit-bearing tree of the natural 

 order Rosaceae. It is a native of 

 Asia, was cultivated before the 



6017 



i. m era. and WM introduced 



in the 10th < 

 wen are pink white, and 

 red, and the fruit, in the raw f tin- 

 peach iUelf, is large, pale yellow 

 and crimson m lour, and smooth 

 kinned. The nectarine, a variety, 

 U much smaller in size. 



'1 l>'-re are two types of peaches, 

 known as freestone ana cling- 

 In the former the fleth 

 parts readily 

 from the 

 stone, but in 

 the latter, 

 fibrous cords 

 from the stone 

 hold the flesh 

 around it. In 

 Great Britain 

 out of door 

 peaches will 

 thrive in fa- 

 voured situa- 



PEACOCK 



Peach Palm ilt-irtn- minor). 

 Tall stender tree of the natural or- 

 der Palmae. It is a nai\<- of th<- 



Peach. Flowers 

 and, top, bait 



and section 



with a S. or 

 S.W. aspect. 

 The f a n - 

 shaped trees 

 should be 

 planted about 

 15 ft. apart, in 

 well-drai ned 

 turfy loam, 

 with a little 

 JIT- ^p lime added. If 

 'fat f ^^f the walls are 

 I not trellised or 

 I wired, the 

 branches must 

 be trained by 

 means of 

 shreds.Peaches 

 require plenty 

 of water in the 

 summer time, and protection by 

 means of cloths from winter frosts 

 Red spider is the principal pest. 

 Under glass, peaches should be 

 started in pots in a temperature 

 ranging between 45 and 60, be- 

 tween Jan. and March. The potting 

 mixture should consist of loam, 

 crushed bones, and well-rotted 

 manure, and the trees should be 

 watered freely during spring and 

 summer. Pruning should be rather 

 drastically performed when the 

 shoots are about 2 ins. long. The 

 fniit itself should be thinned when 

 it is about the size of a grape. Pro- 

 pagation is by seeds or grafting. 

 There is a double-flowered peach 

 (Persica vulgar i flore plena) which 

 is grown as an ornamental shrub, for 

 the sake of its blossoms, in sunny 

 borders. It thrives in any ordinary 

 soil, and has white flowers. 



Peach Palm. Spray o! trait of 

 Bactrii gasipaes ; iniet. single trait 



Amazon region. The trunk is 

 armed with sharp spines, an-1 tli 

 leaves are from 2 to 4 ft. long, 

 divided into two rows of slender 

 leaflets a foot long. The egg-shaped, 

 peach-like, scarlet and orange fruit 

 is produced in large bunches. 



Peacock (Pavo). Genus of the 

 pheasant family. The common 

 peacock (P. crittalus) is a native of 

 India and Ceylon. It was introduced 

 into Europe at an early date, and 

 was a favourite table bird with the 

 Romans and down to the medieval 

 period. Its flesh resembles that of 

 the pheasant, and its eggs are ex- 

 cellent, but it is now kept for orna- 

 mental purposes only. 



The peacock is one of the hand- 

 somest of birds, especially at the 

 breeding season, when the male 

 displays his gorgeously eyed train 

 for the delectation of the hens. 

 This train is not the tail, but a pro- 

 longation of the upper tail -cover 

 feathers, and when spread may be 

 seen to be supported by the true 

 tail feathers. The peacock breeds 

 readily in captivity. 



The green or Java peacock 

 (P. muticus) is a native of Burma, 

 Malay Peninsula, and Java, and is 

 about the same size as the common 

 peacock, but with a more brilliant 

 plumage. See Bird, colour plate. 



Peacock, SIR ALEXANDER JAKES 

 (b. 1361) Australian politician. 

 Elected to the Victoria legislative 

 assembly in 1889, he became min- 

 ister of education and postmaster- 

 general in 1892. He was chief secre- 

 tary and minister of education. 

 1894 ; minister of labour. 1900; and 

 premier and treasurer, 1901-2. In 

 1907-8 he became chief secretary, 

 was minister of education and 

 labour, 1913-14; and premier, trea- 

 surer, and minister of labour, 1914- 

 17. He wvj created K.C.M.G in 1902. 



Peacock, THOMAS Love (1785- 

 1866). British poet and novelist. 

 Bom at Weymouth, Oct. 18, 1785, 



IB 7 



