' - 



Peas*. Name of a family 

 ill tin- imluMriiil lift- nf N. 

 The finite attain 



and poHitioii 

 wa Joieph 



IV.t-t . .1 ,.,.! 

 leu in, unit. u 



turer at Dar- 

 Im^toii about 

 I Til son, 

 i(1787- 

 1858), helped 



6O21 



PEAUCELLIER CELL 



Sir Joseph Pease, pheimon in his 

 British politician r | y ,. n terprises 

 tinn*r,, and bee a me 



rnimeeted with the eoal, iron, bank- 

 ing, and other industries in and 

 .u.. iiml Darlington. His sons, 

 Joseph and Henry, were both mem- 

 bers of Parliament, Joseph being 

 the first Quaker to sit therein. 

 Of the next generation the most 



Sromincnt members were Sir 

 oseph Whitwell Pease (1828- 

 1903), created a baronet in 1882, 

 and his brother. Arthur. Both sat 

 in Parliament, as did their sons. 



Sir Joseph's elder son, Sir Alfred 

 E. Pease, was a great hunter and 

 sportsman, and the younger, Jo- 

 seph Albert, filled several offices 

 in the Liberal government and was 

 made Lord Gainford in 1916. 

 Arthur's son, Herbert Pike Pease, 

 held office on the Unionist side, 

 and later in Lloyd George's 

 coalition government. The earlier 

 Peases were Quakers and strong 

 advocates of peace, of the abolition 

 of slavery, and other philanthropic 

 objects. Many of their industrial 

 interests were amalgamated in the 

 ffrm of Pease & Partners, Ltd. 



Peasenhall Mystery. British 

 cause cilebre. In the early morn- 

 ing of June 1, 1902, Rose Harsent, 

 a domestic servant at Peasenhall, 

 near Saxmundham, Suffolk, was 

 found lying in the kitchen of the 

 house where she was employed, 

 with her throat cut. On her was 

 found a letter making an appoint- 

 ment for 12 o'clock the previous 

 night. This letter was declared by 

 one expert to have been written by 

 a married man living in the same 

 village, who was arrested. The case 

 against him was mainly circum- 

 stantial, but his wife declared that 

 he had not left her during the whole 

 time which covered the murder. 

 After four days' trial the jury dis- 

 agreed on Nov. 11, 1902. He was 

 tried again in 1903, and again the 

 jury disagreed. On Jan. 29, 1903, 

 the crown issued a nolle prosequi, 

 and the accused man was dis- 

 charged. The trial was memorable 

 for Sir Krnest Wild's defence. 



Peat. Spongy substance of 

 vegetable origin common to almost 

 every temperate country. The 

 larger part of British peat appears 



t., I,,- mnoMd ( 

 moMM, bill peat 

 being main I \ 

 sphagnum 



iiiiiliomedit. while 



lowland u |>im 



cipally livi'inim 



mot*. The forma- 



tmn of peat de- 



pends upon a 



ular com- 



,.>n of cli- 



matic and topo- 



graphical condi- 



of water. The 

 > turves or sods are 

 stacked edge- 

 wise, leaning one 

 against another, 

 and dried by sun 

 and air. The sods 

 must be turned 

 every other day, 

 and the drying 

 process is com- 

 pleted within 

 ten to twelve 

 days. Cutting 

 takes place not 

 later than June. 



See Humogen; consult also Peat 

 and its Products, W. A. Kerr, 

 1905; Peat and its Manufacture, 

 Bjorling and Gissing, 1907. 



Peaucellier Cell. Mechanism 

 comprising a series of pivoted 

 links, invented by the French 



a decay. The average temperature Lieut, C. N. Peaucellier, in 1864. to 

 best suited for the formation of produce motion in a straight line. 



Peat obtained from Somerset peat bogs. Cutting the 

 peat and, top right, method of stacking 



tions. There must be a soil w hich 

 will retain water at or near the sur- 

 face, a sufficiently low temperature 

 to prevent rapid evaporation, a 

 temperature not too low to pre- 

 vent the growth of vegetation, 

 yet low enough to check too rapid 



peat ranges from 42-48 F. 

 The process which converts 



Elant substances into peat is simi- 

 ir to that which has formed the 

 coal measures, but the oldest peat 

 deposits are, geologically speaking, 

 modern compared with coal. Peat 

 bogs cover an area of about 

 6,000,000 acres in the British Isles, 

 Ireland alone possessing 3,000,000 

 acres. They vary greatly in 

 depth, in Ireland rarely exceeding 

 20 ft., while in parts of Wales and 

 on Dartmoor the deposits are as 

 much as 40 ft. deep. 



Pure peat, thoroughly dry, con- 

 tains from 49 to 64 p.c. of carbon, 

 and has a calorific value rather 

 more than half that of a similar 

 weight of black coal. The top 

 stratum of a peat bog has little 

 value as fuel, but is suitable for 



It consists of a pair of links (a) of 

 equal length, pivoted together at 

 one end (Y), and at their other 

 ends connected with opposite angles 

 of four links (c, d, e, /) forming a 

 rhombus. Pivoted to the links 

 (c, d) is a further link (g), the end 

 (Z) of which is located halfway 

 between the point (Y) and the 

 junction of the links (c, d). When in 

 use the mechanism oscillates about 

 fixed points Y and Z, and the 

 point X, forming the junction of the 

 links e, /, travels along a straight 

 line P, Q at right angles to a line 

 joining the 

 points Y, 'A. 

 S'ee Linkages. 



the manufacture of moss litter, 

 paper pulp, and textile fabrics. 

 The next layer is light in colour, 

 and not comparable with the dark 

 peat ol.tnincil two feet or more 

 below the surface. Mountain peat 

 is considered superior to lowland 

 peat. Peat is cut with a long, nar- 

 row, very sharp shovel. Freshly 

 < ut, it contains as much as 80 p.c. 



Y - 



Peaucellier Cell. Diagram demon* 

 jtratniir the principle of the mechan- 

 ism. The dotted lines show how 

 the point X moves up or down on 

 the vertical line. << teit 



