people are principally engaged in 

 the fisheries. Joined to the main- 

 land by causeway is St. Patrick's 

 isle, which contains the ruin of Peel 

 Castle, mentioned in Scott's PeveriJ 

 ol the Peak, and the remains of S. 

 German's Cathedral, a cruciform 

 structure dating partly from the 

 12th century Market day, Sat. 

 Pop. 2,600. 



Peel, ARTHUR WELLESLEY PEEL, 

 IST VISCOUNT (1829-1912). British 

 statesman. Born Aug. 3, 1829, the 

 youngest son 

 of Sir Robert 

 Peel, be was 

 e d u c a ted at 

 Eton and Bal- 

 I i o 1 College, 

 Oxford, and 

 entered the 

 House of Com- 

 mons as Lib- 

 eral M.P for 

 Warwick in 



was p a r 1 1 a- 

 mentary secretary to the poor 

 law board, 1 868-7 1 ; patronage 

 secretary to the treasury, 1871-73 ; 

 and under-secretary for home 

 affairs, 1873-74 In 1884 he 

 was chosen Speaker, and justly 

 ranks as one of the most able and 

 distinguished occupants of that 

 high office. He retired in 1895, and 

 was made a viscount. 



In his later years Peel's name 

 was mainly associated with pro- 

 posals for temperance reform. He 

 was chairman of the royal commis- 

 sion appointed in 1896 to inquire 

 into the licensing laws. Two re- 

 ports were presented, the one for 

 which Peel was responsible being 

 that of a minority ; it advised a 

 reduction in the number of licensed 

 houses, the compensation being 



John Feel, the Cumberland huntsman 



From a print 



6026 



raised by a tax on them, not on the 

 general public, and this proposal 

 was the basis of the legislation of 

 1904 Peel died Oct. 24, 1912, his 

 eldest son, William Robert Welles- 

 ley . succeeding to his title. Of his 

 other sons, George was M. P. for the 

 Spalding division of Lincolnshire, 

 1917-18. He wrote on public 

 questions, including The Future of 

 England. 1911. Sidney was chosen 

 M.P. for the Ux bridge division of 

 Middlesex in 1918. He served in S. 

 Africa 1899-1900, and in the Great 

 War, and was a member of the 

 British delegation at the peace 

 conference in Paris, 1919 



Peel, WILLIAM ROBERT WELLES - 

 LEY PEEL, 2ND VISCOUNT (b. 1867). 

 British politician The eldest son of 

 the 1st viscount, he was '.>om Jan. 

 7, 1867, educated at Harrow and 

 Balliol College, Oxford, and called 

 to the bar at the Inner Temple, 

 1893 During the war between 

 Greece and Turkey he served as a 

 war correspondent for The Daily 

 Telegraph. In 1900 he entered the 

 London County Council, where he 

 took a fore- 

 most place in 

 the municipal 

 reform party, 

 leading it, 

 1908-10, and 

 in 1914 becom- 

 ing chairman 

 of the council. 

 Unionist M.P. 

 for a division 

 of Manchester, 

 1900-6, he was 

 returned in 1909 for Taunton, 

 which he represented until he 

 succeeded, in 1912, to the vis- 

 county. In 1917 Peel acted as 

 joint parliamentary secretary to 

 the national service department; in 

 1919 he was made under-secretary 

 for war and air, and in 1921 was ap- 

 pointed chancellor of the duchy. 

 Secretary of state for India, Oct., 

 1922, to Jan., 1924, he hecame first 

 commissioner of works, Nov. 1924. 

 Peel, JOHN (177(5-1854). Cum- 

 berland yeoman, remarkable for 

 his passion for fox-hunting. Born 

 at Caldbeck, Nov. 13, 1776, he died 

 there, Nov. 13, 1854. He is the 

 hero of the song D'ye ken John 

 Peel ? written by John Woodcock 

 Graves about 1828-29. See Songs 

 and Ballads of Cumberland, ed. S. 

 Gilpin (G. Coward), 1866. 



Peel, SIR ROBERT (1788-1850). 

 British statesman. He was born 

 near Bury, Lancashire, Feb. 5, 1788, 

 the son of a wealthy cotton manu- 

 facturer, and was brought up in an 

 atmosphere of intelligent Conserva- 

 tism. He was educated at Harrow 

 and ChristChurch, Oxford, andafter 

 a brilliant university career entered 

 parliament in 1809. At the age of 



2nd Viscount Feel, 

 British politician 



Kuitell 



PEEL 



24 he became secretary for Ireland; 

 six years later he retired from the 

 Liverpool ministry, but was chair- 

 man of the bank committee which 

 Carried the resumption of cash pay- 

 ments in 1819 In 1822 he returned 

 to the ministry as home secretary, 

 and in that capacity carried several 

 valuable reforms, including a very 

 great reduction hi the number of 

 capital offences, improvements in 

 the prisons, and the establishment 

 of the Metropolitan Police, who in 

 consequence received the popular 

 appellations of Peelers and Bobbies. 



After Sir T. Lawrence 



When Canning became prime 

 minister in 1827, Peel and the duke 

 of Wellington refused to join him, 

 and thenceforward Peel may be 

 regarded as the leader of the Tory 

 party in the House of Commons. 

 He joined the Wellington ministry, 

 formed in Jan., 1828, and sup- 

 ported the duke in passing Catholic 

 emancipation, being convinced 

 against his will of the necessity for 

 that measure by the election of 

 Daniel O'Connell for co. Clare. 

 When Wellington, in 1832, en- 

 deavoured to form a Tory ministry 

 in order to pass a less drastic re- 

 form bill than that of Lord Grey, 

 the effort was made abortive by 

 Peel's refusal to join ; only after 

 Grey's bill was passed did he accept 

 it as an irrevocable fait accompli. 



Twice, in 1834 and in 1839, Peel 

 was called to office as prime 

 minister, but in both cases was 

 obliged to resign after a few weeks ; 

 it was not till 1841 that he was able 

 to take office with a decisive Con- 

 servative majority behind him in 

 the House of Commons. For five 

 years he was prime minister. Dur- 

 ing that period he advanced in 



