PENNANT 



West New Jersey, and followed 

 tint up fire years later by s 



lie duke of York a grant of 

 the territory which was t<> f..nn tin- 

 tate of Pennsylvania (q.v. ). and an 

 governor drew up it* memorable 

 iii. .11. iMiililt.shmg freedom 

 of worship within iU boundaries 

 In 1682 he crossed to America to 

 take possession of his UM 

 fixed on the sit* for it* capital, to 

 be named Philadelphia (q.v.), and 

 ikmiiaxon made hia treaty 

 of friendship with the Indiana. 



Penn remained in Pennsylvania 

 until 1684, and again from 1699- 

 1701, but hia later life was passed 

 in supporting the effort* of the 

 Frit-mis in England. He was inti- 

 mate with James II, and was thus 

 again able to use hia influence to 

 secure the release of the imprisoned 

 Quakers and a measure of toler- 

 ance. Hia alliance with James, un- 

 broken by the revolution of 1688. 

 led to his arrest in 1690, and from 

 1692-94 he was deprived of his 

 colonial powers. His later years 

 were clouded by ill health and 

 money troubles, caused by his ex- 

 penditure on his religious work and 

 by an untrustworthy agent at 

 home. Penn died at Ruscombe on 

 May 30, 1718. and was buried at 

 Jordans, Buckinghamshire. 



He was a man of solid and up- 

 standing character, deeply reli- 

 gious, and with a fine clarity of 

 style. Although lacking in judge 

 ment in some respects, the accusa- 

 tions of double-dealing made 

 against him have only weak found 

 ations. See Society of Friends ; con 

 suit Quaker and Courtier, the Life 

 and Work of W. Penn, Mrs. Col- 

 quhoun Grant, 1908 ; The Peace of 

 Europe and the Fruits of Solitude, 

 a selection from his writings, 1916. 



Pennant OR PENNON (Lat. 

 penna, plume). Term applied to a 

 long Hag narrowing to a point, 

 sometimes forking at the end. In 

 this sense, a pennant was formerly 

 borne on a lance by a knight bache- 

 lor, sometimes with bis armorial 

 bearings upon it. It is used in 

 British lancer regiments. In the 

 nautical sense, the pennant, or 

 pendant, is a long streamer-like 



Pennant, down at ouutbead 



dag flown at the mast of a vessel in 

 commission, and lowered when the 

 vessel goes out of commission. A 

 broad pennant, short and forked, 

 is flown to show the ship of the 

 commodore of a squadron. 



Pennant, THOMAS (1726-98). 

 British naturalist Born at Down- 

 ing, Flintshire, June 14 1726, he 



Thomaa Pennine 

 Britub naturalist 



6043 



WM educated at Wrexham %nd at 

 Quean's College, Oxford, bir 



In I :.i hi- v i-i'-d Ire- 



: i hu mak- 

 ing the firat of 

 .urn in the 

 -h Isles. 

 Hia British 

 Zoology was 

 itarted in 1761. 

 the firat part 

 appearing in 

 1 7','i It was 

 followed by his 

 History of 



Quadrupeds. 1781. which estab- 

 lished hi* reputation. Many of 

 Gilbert White's letters in the 

 Natural History of Selborne are 

 addressed to Pennant, who was 

 considered an authority on all 

 matters of natural history. He 

 died Dec. 16, 1798. His best 

 known works are Tours in Scot- 

 land, 1771-90; Tours b Wales, 

 1778, ed.. with memoir by Rhys, 

 1883; Account of London, 1790; 

 Outlines of the Globe, 1798-1800. 

 See his Literary Life. 1793. 



Penna tula. Sea Pen. Genus of 

 horny corals (Alcyonarian Antho- 

 zoa), which present an appearance 



Pennatuia. Polypi 01 Pennatuia 

 pboipborea. greatly magnified 



r. tlartin Dune** 



similar to a quill-pen, i.e. to the 

 wing-feather of a large bird. It is 

 really a colony of polyps. There is 

 a central stalk of horny lime, of 

 which the lower part may be 

 buried in the sea-bed, while from 

 the upper portion branches spread 

 out on each side and are fringed 

 with polyps. Some of the species 

 are luminous, as the small British 

 Pennatuia phosphorea, of a dull 

 purple colour and only a few ins. 

 long. It is found in warmer aeaa 

 up to a foot in length. 



Pennell. JOSEPH (b. 1860). 

 American etcher, lithographer, 

 and author. Born at Philadelphia. 

 U.S.A.. July 4, 1860. he studied at 

 the local academy and School of 

 Industrial Art He spent much 

 time in Great Britain, being pro- 

 minently associated with the In- 

 ternational Society, and other for- 



Jotepb Pennell. 

 American etcher 



PENNISETUM 



ward movements in art : was the 



: with hit wife. Elizabeth 



'yi. of the standard Life of 



ler, and beside* 



being repre 



ented in state 



and municipal 



galleries all 



over the world, 



was president of 



the Sen-f. 



Club flitho 



graphy), and a 



prime authority 



on lithography. 



Great industrial undertakings, e.g 



the Panama Canal, and British 



munition works during the Great 



War, furnished many subjects for 



hia art. 



Pennenden Heath. Common 

 in Kent, England. Near Maidstone. 

 it has been made into a recreation 

 ground for that town. Its interest 

 lies in the fact that it was for long 

 the place where the men of Kent 

 used to hold their meetings. 



Pennine Alps. Division of the 

 Alps on the borders of Switzerland 

 and Italy. They lie between the 

 Bernese Alps on the N. and the 

 Graian Alps on the S.W., with the 

 Lepontine Alps on the E., dividing 

 the Rhone and Dora Baltea val- 

 leys. They include some of the 

 grandest and loftiest summits in 

 Europe, as the Great St. Bernard. 

 Grand Combin, Dent Blanche. 

 Matterhorn, and Monte Rosa. 



Pennine Chain. Mountainous 

 region of N. England. It forms the 

 S. portion of the Central Uplands 

 of B itain, and extends S. from 

 the Scottish border as far as the 

 great curve of the Trent : the S. 

 portion is the Peak. Its continuity 

 is broken by the Tyne and Aire 

 Gaps, which facilitate communica- 

 tion between E. and W. On the 

 N.W. it ia continuous with the 

 Cumbrian upland, the lowest point 

 being the Shap saddle between 

 Edendale and the flats round 

 Morecambe Bay. Geologically, it 

 is an uplift of carboniferous rock 

 which has been denuded down to 

 the lower members of the series, 

 the millstone grit and mountain 

 limestone, and ia in the main a 

 ragged bare moorland with many 

 peat bogs ; the coal measures 

 have disappeared from the heights, 

 but occur in great extent on both 

 sides of the uplift in the coalfields of 

 N. England. The loftiest summits 

 are Cross Fell 2.892 ft. Mtckle 

 Fell. 2.591 ft.. Wheniside. -.til 

 ft., Ingleborough. 2,373 ft., and 

 Kinder Scout 2.0SS ft. 



Penmsetum. Genus of mostly 

 annual grasses of the natural order 

 Gramineae. They are natives of 

 tropical and sub-tropical region?. 



