PCNRHVN 



nciplm of good oitizi ' 



..i. -I 



Om-lldrrs Art. MM)?, thr T 



IH.H cf dime Art. I'.MIH. nml the 

 Children Art have all advanced 

 legislation <>n ,m,lar line* in Croat 



ddren Ac: 



hM revolutionised the penal law 

 for the im|>n-..iimrnt of young 

 persons un,; 



In tin- I'nited State* of America 

 o has proceeded on still m in- 

 advanced lines. At the Klum i 

 Reformatory in New York the in 

 deiimu- or indeterminate se* 

 has been introduced. 1'nder tin- 

 system a prisoner w given a mini- 

 iiiuin maximum cntcnee, and is 

 released atany time Ix-twot'ii tli. i\n> 

 periods according to tin- judgement 

 of tin- a ut Illicit ir- .1- to hN i itnes? to 

 return to civilian life. Since the 

 opening.. I tin- Klmira Reformatory 

 in ISTti the indeterminate sentence 

 has been tried in a largo number of 

 other American prison*. In others 

 prisoners are put on their honour, 

 work without warders, and are 

 allowed certain privileges of visit- 

 ing outside amusements, e.g. pic- 

 ture palaces. The system has been 

 reported to wi rk with very good 

 results. See Borstal System ; Crim- 

 inology ; Transportation ; Prison ; 

 consult also State of Prisons in 

 i 1 and Walrs. John Howard, 

 1784; Penological and Preventive 

 Principles, William Tallack, 2nd ed. 

 189(5 ; The English Prison System, 

 SirE. Ruggles-Brise, 1921. 



Penrhyn. District of Carnar- 

 vonshire, Wales. It adjoins Ban- 

 gor, being near the N. entrance to 

 t In .Mrnai Strait. It ischieriy known 

 for its connexion with the slate 

 quarries, the slate being shipped 

 from Port Penrhyn on the Menai 

 Strait. Penrhyn Castle, the seat of 

 Baron Penrhyn, stands in a park, 

 7 in. in circumference, through 

 which the Ogwen flows. An im- 

 posing building, it was erected late 

 in the 18th century. Of Mona 

 marble, it is in the Norman castel- 

 lated style. One of the Welsh kings 

 is said to have had a palace here 



I'rnritli 



Penrhyn, N. Wales. Keep and garden tront ol the 18tb 

 century castle, seat ol Baron Penrhyn 



frit* 



6045 



P e n r h y 



.it. .11 in i, 



It w . 



of Rftrotonga in j 

 the Cook Island*, 

 and is noted for 

 its pearl fishery. 



TI..- i igoria ii-i- .in 

 tre of 00 sq. m., 

 a quarter of whu-h 

 is covered 

 pearl shell. It 

 was discovered in 

 1788 and annexed 

 to New Zealand in 1901. Pop 335. 

 Penrhyn, BARON. British title 

 borne by the family of Douglas- 

 Pennant since 1866. Richard Pen- 

 ryn, this being one spelling of the 

 name, a landowner in N. Wales, 

 was made Baron Pcnryn in 1763, 

 but the title became extinct on his 

 death in 1808. The estates passed 

 to a kinsman, George Hay-Daw- 

 kins-Pennant, and from him to 

 his daughter, who became the wife 

 of Col. E. Q. Douglas (1800-86), a 

 son of the earl of Morton. He was 

 made Baron Penrhyn in 1866. His 

 son and heir, George Sholto Gordon, 

 took the name of Douglas-Pennant 

 and became the 2nd baron. He 

 was Conservative M.P. for Carnar- 

 vonshire, 1866-68 and 1874-80, 

 but is better known as the owner 

 of the Penrhyn slate quarries, 

 where a strike began in 1900 and 

 lasted three years. He died March 

 10, 1907, when his son, Edward 

 Sholto (b. 1864), became the 3rd 

 baron. The family seat is Penrhyn 

 Castle, Carnarvonshire, and the 

 estates lie around it. 



Penrith. Urban dist. and 

 market town of Cumberland, 

 England. It stands on the Eamont, 

 1J m. from Carlisle, and is served 

 by the L. & N.W., N.E., and Cocker- 

 mouth, Keswick and Penrith Rlys. 

 S.Andrew's Church has an old tower 

 and other features of interest. There 

 is a 14th century grammar school 

 and the ruins of a castle. Two of the 

 inns are old build- 

 ings, one of them 

 showing a room in 

 which Richard III 

 slept. In the 

 neighbourhood are 

 Edenhall and 

 Brougham Castle, 

 while there is a 

 tine view from 

 IVnritli Beacon, 

 '.Mo ft. hiuh. The 

 chief industries are 

 brewing, tanning, 

 and a trade in agri- 

 cultural produce. 



Penrith is a 

 very old place and 



PENRYN 



made here, while 

 cloth and linen 



land. The pansb church ol S. Andrew 



was given a fair and market early 

 in the 13th century. One of the 

 Nevilles, then lords of the town, 

 built the castle 

 as ft defence 

 against the nu- 

 i9 raids of 

 the Scots. In 

 the 18th cen- 

 tury clocks and 

 watches were 

 Penrith. Seal o! 

 urban district 



were woven on 



hand looms. Market day, Tues. 

 Pop. 9,000. 



Penrith. Town of New South 

 Wales, in Cumberland co. It is 34 

 m. W. of Sydney by rail, and stands 

 at the foot of the Blue Mountains 

 in the valley of the Nepean river. 

 It is one of the oldest settlements in 

 Australia. Pop. 2,500. 



Penryn. Mun. borough and 

 market town of Cornwall. It 

 stands on the estuary of the Pen- 

 ryn river, which r m 



here falls into 

 Falmouth Har- 

 bour, 3J m. from 

 Falmouth, with a 

 station on the 

 G.W. Rly. The 

 chief industries 

 are tanning, 

 brewing, the Penryn arms 

 making of chemicals and paper, 

 and the export of granite which 

 is polished here. It has a town 

 hall and a parish church. Here 

 are the ruins of Glasney Church, 

 a collegiate foundation, once ft 

 centre of literary activity. 



In the Middle Ages Penryn was 

 a flourishing seaport. It was made 

 into a borough, was granted fairs 

 and markets, and had a con- 

 siderable foreign trade. From 1553 

 to 1918 it was separately repre- 

 sented in Parliament, F.il mouth 

 being united with it for this pur- 

 pose from 1832. Its decline set in 

 with the silting up of the harbour 

 and changes in the trade routes. 

 It is still ft borough, under ft mayor 

 and corporation. Market day, Sat. 

 Pop. 3,100. 



