PENZANCE 



PEPER HAPfOW 



Penzanc-e. Seal 



of the borough 



council 



Penzance. Mun. bor., market 

 town, seaport, and watering-place 

 of Cornwall, England. It stands at 

 the head of 

 Mount's Bay, 325 

 m. from London 

 and 8 m. from 

 Land's End, with 

 a station on the 

 G.W. Rly. The 

 most westernly 

 town in England, 

 Penzance has a 

 very mild climate 

 and is much visited, both in sum- 

 mer and winter. In the public 

 buildings are several museums ; 

 other edifices are the free library 

 and school of art, market house, 

 and infirmary. There is an old 

 market cross, the Morrab pleasure 

 grounds, and a statue to Sir Hum- 

 phry Davy, a native. Its harbour, 

 formed by two piers, can accom- 

 modate large vessels, and has wet 

 and dry docks. St. Michael's 

 Mount and the Scilly Isles can be 

 visited from here. The industries 

 include fishing for mackerel and 

 pilchard, and the shipping of tin, 

 etc. Penzance began as a fishing 

 centre and later was made a port. 

 It was damaged by the Spaniards 

 in 1595, and was made a borough 

 in 1614. From 1663 to 1838 it 

 was one of the towns where tin wa- 

 coined. The name is derived from 

 two Cornish words, pen, head, and 

 zawn, creek. It has been assumed 

 that it was derived from sans, holy, 

 holy head; hence the head of 

 S John the Baptist in the arms. 

 Market day, Thurs. Pop. 12,200. 

 Peonage (Sp. peon, a day- 

 labourer). Term used for the 

 system of labour once prevalent in 

 Spanish America. Under the 

 system the Indians were given the 

 status of minors by the Spanish 

 government, with the intention of 

 protecting them from oppression. 

 It had exactly the opposite effect. 

 The system spread to the U.S.A., 

 but was abolished in 1867. The 

 name peon survives for a work- 

 man of native or mixed blood. 



Peony (Paeonia). Genus of hardy 

 [K-rennial herbs, some of which are 

 of the natural order 



Peony. Leaves and flowers o! 

 Paeonia lutea, a Chinese variety 



Penzance. Cornwall. Town and harbour from the south 

 pier; on the left is S. Mary's Church 



Frtllt 



Ranunculaceae. They are natives 

 of Asia, S. Europe, and America. 

 P. officinalis and P. albiflora were 

 introduced into Britain in 1548. 

 They range in height from 2 to 

 5 ft., and their colours vary from 

 white to crimson, though there is 

 a yellow variety. They are raised 

 from seed sown in autumn, in pots 

 or pans of sandy soil in cold frames, 

 and planted out in the spring. The 

 taller species (P. moutan), known 

 as the tree peony, should be planted 

 in spring in deep, rich soil, and 

 protected from frosts with a layer 

 of fern, bracken, straw, or other 

 similar material. 



People's Bank. Name given to 

 a system of cooperative banking, 

 suited to the means of the small 

 investor. It was introduced into 

 Germany by Franz Schulze-Del- 

 itzsch, in 1850, and proved very 

 successful. Depositors paid a 

 monthly subscription of 5d., after 

 an initial deposit of 2Jd. The term 

 is also loosely applied to other 

 banks established on a cooperative 

 basis. See Municipal Bank ; Pennv 

 Bank. 



People's Palace. Institution in 

 Mile End Road, E. London, 

 England. The original foundation 

 was a bequest by J. E. B. Beau- 

 mont (1774-1840), to provide for 

 the recreation and moral and in- 

 tellectual advancement of the 

 working classes in 

 the East End of 

 London, and a 

 start was made 

 with a building in 

 Beaumont Square. 

 Large donations 

 to the endowment 

 fund were subse- 

 quently made, the 

 Drapers' Company 

 being a conspicuous 

 benefactor, and 

 by June, 1886, 

 a sum of 75,000 

 had been raised. 

 The existing build- 

 ings, opened in People's Palace, London. Main front of the building, 

 1887, include the j n Mile End Eoad 



Queen 's Hall, 

 where industrial 

 and other exhibi- 

 tions and concerts 

 are held, a tech- 

 nical school (now 

 the East London 

 College, attached 

 to the University 

 of London), and 

 other equipment 

 for education, re- 

 creation, etc. Sir 

 Walter Besant 

 (q.v.) took an ac- 

 tive interest in the 

 undertaking, of 

 which he gave a 

 suggestive forecast in his novel, All 

 Sorts and Conditions of Men, 1882. 

 Peoria. City of Illinois, U.S.A.. 

 the co. seat of Peoria co. It stands 

 on the W. bank of the Illinois river, 

 160 m. by rly. S.W. of Chicago, 

 and is served by the Chicago, Bur- 

 lington, and Quincy, and other 

 rlys. It has a R.C. cathedral, and 

 upwards of 400 acres of parks. It 

 carries on a busy river trade, and 

 has manufactures of glucose, 

 starch, flour, wagons, motor-cars, 

 foundry products, and agricultural 

 implements. Founded in 1819, and 

 named after the Peoria Indians, 

 Peoria was incorporated, 1835, and 

 became a city, 1845. Pop. 76,100. 

 See The History of Peoria, 1870; 

 Peoria, City and County, J. M. 

 Rice, 1912. 



Peper Harow OR PEPPER HAR- 

 ROW. Parish of Surrey, England. 

 It is on the Wey, 3 m. W. of Godal- 

 ming. Called Piperherge in the 

 Domesday Book, and supposed 

 to derive its name from a family 

 of the name of Pepard, or Pipard, 

 the manor, which belonged in 

 turn to the Brocas, Covert, and 

 Holies families, and to John, earl 

 of Clare, was acquired in 1713 by 

 Alan Brodrick, Viscount Midleton, 

 in the hands of whose descendants 

 it has since remained. In the park 

 is the Early English church of 

 S. Nicholas, with ancient brasses. 



