PEREGRINE FALCON 



6055 



PEREZ DE AYALA 



Peking Its chief 

 character lies in its 

 antlers, which fork 

 early into two equal 

 branches, of which 

 only the front one 

 divides. See Deer. 



Peregrine Fal- 

 con (Falco pere 

 (jrinus). Bird of 

 prey formerly muff, 

 used for the sport 

 of hawking. A na- 

 tive of Britain, and 

 found in most other 

 parts of the world, 

 it nests chiefly on 

 sea-cliffs, and lays 

 three or four mot- 

 tled red -brown eggs. 

 The young birds 

 migrate in autumn to other lands. 

 Adult birds have the crown of the 

 head and the moustaches bluish 

 black, the back and upper parts 

 bluish grey, and the lower parts pale 

 salmon colour barred transversely 

 with brown. The size is about 

 that of the rook, the male or 

 " tiercel " 15 ins. in length, and the 

 female a fifth larger. It has a 

 very rapid graceful flight. Its prey 

 is chiefly the larger birds, includ- 

 ing pigeons, grouse, and duck. See 

 Eggs, col. plate ; Falcon ; Hawking. 



Peregrine Pickle. Novel by 

 Smollett, published in 1751, with 

 the full title of The Adventures of 

 Peregrine Pickle, in which are in- 

 cluded Memoirs of a Lady of 

 Quality. It is a broadly humorous 

 narrative, following the adven- 

 tures of the hero from his birth to 

 his marriage, and introducing 

 several notable characters, such as 

 Commodore Trunnion and Lieut. 

 Hatchways. The Memoirs of a 

 Lady of Quality, which form the 

 very lengthy 81st chapter, were 

 written by Frances, Viscountess 

 Vane (1713-88), who paid Smollett 

 for their insertion in his story. See 

 Smollett. 



Perekop. Isthmus of S. Russia. 

 It is about 20 m. long and 4 m. 

 wide, and unites the Crimean 

 Peninsula with the mainland. 



Perekpp. Town of S. Russia. 

 The ancient Taphros, it is in the 

 govt. of Taurida, 60 m. S.E. of 

 Kherson, on the N. of the isthmus. 

 It has lost its former importance 

 since the construction of the 

 Sevastopol railway, but some 

 trade is done in salt, wool, and 

 lamb-skins. In the 15th century 

 Perekop formed part of the Tartar 

 defences of the Crimea ; it was 

 captured by the Russians in 1783. 

 It was prominent in the fighting 



Pere David's Deer, a native of China 



W. S. Berridge, F.Z.S. 



Pere-Lachaise, Cemetery of 

 Paris. Situated in the N.E. of the 

 city, in the Boulevard de Menil- 

 montant, it is the oldest and lar- 

 gest extra-mural cemetery of Paris, 

 covering about 212 acres. The 

 ground occupied by it formerly 

 belonged to the Jesuits, and the 

 cemetery received its name from 

 Pere Fran9ois de La Chaise (q.v.). 

 who was superior of the order in 

 Paris. On the suppression of the 

 order the ground was sold and 

 passed through a number of hands, 

 until in 1804 it was purchased by 

 the municipality and converted 

 into a cemetery. 



The cemetery is celebrated by 

 reason of the famous people buried 

 there, and its noteworthy monu- 

 ments. On the right of the princi- 

 pal entrance is the Jewish ceme- 

 tery, where the tomb of Elisa 

 Rachel (q.v.) is the most noted. 

 A little farther to the right is the 

 tomb of Abelard and HeJoise. In 

 a prominent central position is the 

 handsome monument of Casimir 

 Perier. Other graves are those of 

 Beranger, Balzac, La Fontaine, 

 Moliere, and Alfred de Musset 

 among literary figures of France ; 

 Macdonald, Lefebre, Masseiia, Da- 

 voust, Ney, and Foy among soldiers. 

 Many English persons are buried 

 here, including Sir Sydney Smith. 

 A fine chapel occupies the site of 

 the former Maison de Mont Louis, 

 headquarters of the Jesuits. There 

 is also a Mussulman cemetery with 

 a mosque. See Abelard ; Bartho- 

 lome, P. A. ; Cemetery ; Paris. 



Perennial. Plant that lives 

 through a number of years. All 

 trees and shrubs are perennial, so 

 the term is restricted in its use to 

 herbaceous plants, to distinguish 

 the long-lived species from annuals 

 and 'biennials. Perennial herbs 



between the counter-revolution-' ;with stems die down to the earth, 

 aries and the Bolshevists, 1919-20. as a rule, before winter, their 

 Pop. 6,000. See Russia ; Wrangel, vitality being preserved in root- 

 General, stocks, bulbs, or tubers. Stemless 



and creeping perennials, such as 

 the primrose and white arabis, re- 

 tain at least some of their leaves 

 until the new leaves of spring are 

 expanded.-" See Botany ; Plant. 



Percy aslavl. Town of Central 

 Russia. It is in the govt., and 

 70 m. N.W., of Vladimir, and 

 stands where the river Trubezh 

 flows into Lake Pleshcheyevo. Its 

 chief industries are cotton-spin- 

 ning, tanning, dyeing, and the 

 making of tobacco. Pop. 9,000. 



Pereyaslayl. Town of S.W. 

 Russia. It is in the govt., and 

 140 m. N.W., of Poltava. Tobacco, 

 bricks, boots and shoes, etc., are 

 manufactured, and an important 

 trade is done in cereals. It was in 

 existence in 993, in 1054 was the 

 capital of a principality, and is an 

 historic town for the Ruthenes and 

 Little Russians. Pop. 18,600. 



Perez, ANTONIO (1539-1611). 

 Spanish statesman. An illegitimate 

 son of Gonzalo Perez, the king's 

 s e c r e tary, he 

 succeeded him 

 in 1567 and 

 retained his 

 master's com- 

 plete favour 

 until 1578. In 

 that year, with 

 the king's full 

 a c q u i escence, 

 he insti gated 

 the murder of 

 Escobedo, secretary of Don John 

 of Austria, governor of the Nether- 

 lands, and was repudiated by 

 Philip when inquiry into the 

 murder was pressed. An attempt 

 by the king's agents to remove 

 him to a prison of the Inquisition 

 to prevent embarrassing dis- 

 closures was resented as an in- 

 fringement of public rights, and 

 Perez escaped into Aragon, where a 

 popular movement in his favour 

 led to drastic action by Philip. 

 Perez, who had been sentenced to 

 death in his absence, crossed the 

 Pyrenees and organized an unsuc- 

 cessful raid on Spanish territory. 

 He died in Paris, Nov. 3, 1611. 

 Pron. Pay- ret h. 



Perez de Ayala, I:\MMN. 

 Spanish novelist and story writer. 

 A native of the Asturias and 

 strongly Castilian in feeling, the 

 background of his work in fiction is 

 derived from the central provinces 

 of Spain. His Prometeo and Belar- 

 mino y Apolonio are regarded as 

 being in the front rank of modern 

 Spanish novels. The first named, 

 with its companion poetic novels, 

 Luz de Domingo (Sunday Sun- 

 light) and La Caida de los Limones 

 (The Fall of the House of Lim6n), 

 have been translated by Alice P. 

 Hubbard, with the poems done 

 into English by Grace H. Conklinu:. 



Antonio Perez, 

 Spanish statesman 



