PERIWIG 



in the 12th century, but seems 

 mainly to belong to the 14th. It 

 was restored in 1875. It has a 

 wooden western tower. The hamlet 

 is referred to in old records as 

 Cornhull or Cornhill. See The 

 Chronicles of Greenford Parva, J. 

 A. Brown. 



Periwig. Word derived from 

 the French perruque, meaning an 

 artificial head of hair. It is usually 

 shortened to wig (q.v.), 



Periwinkle (Littorina littorca). 

 Marine snail with thick stony shell. 

 It is abundant on all parts of the 

 British coasts, whence thousands 

 of tons are annually sent to inland 

 towns for food. The mollusc has a 

 distinct muzzle extended in front 

 of a pair of tentacles or antennae, 

 at the base of which are the eyes. 

 Its principal food is marine algae, 

 which is rasped by the very 

 efficient tooth ribbon. Periwinkles, 

 or winkles, are found at low-water 

 mark in all parts of the world. 



Periwinkle ( Vinca minor). 

 Perennial herb of the natural order 

 Apocynaceae. It is a native of 

 Europe and W. Asia. It has 

 tough trailing stems about two ft. 

 long, which root from the base of 

 the paired oval varnished leaves. 

 The blue-purple, .^salver-shaped 

 flowers are borne singly, chiefly on 

 shorter erect stems. The style ex- 

 pands above into the broad stigma 

 which almost closes the mouth of 

 the tube. The Greater Peri- 

 winkle (V. major), familiar in 

 gardens, is similar, but larger in all 

 its parts. It is a native of Europe 

 and N. Africa. See Flower. 



Periyar. River of Travancore, 

 India. It rises in the Sivagiri Hills 

 and flows N.W. and W. to the 

 Arabian Sea. The upper waters 

 of the Periyar have been diverted 

 to the valley of the Vaigai for 

 irrigation purposes. A dam, 176 

 ft. high, has made a reservoir of 

 8,000 acres, whence the water is 

 led through a mile-long tunnel to 

 the Suruli Valley and thence to 

 the Vaigai. 



Perizzites OR PHEREZITES (per- 

 haps villagers). One of the early 

 peoples of Palestine. The name 

 occurs in late insertions in the 

 Hexateuch. They may be Ca- 

 naanite cultivators. 



Perjury. Wilfully swearing 

 falsely in a judicial proceeding after 

 having taken a lawful oath, ad- 

 ministered by someone having 

 authority to administer it, on a 

 matter material to the issue. A 

 mere slip of the tongue, or a hasty 

 or exaggerated expression, will not 

 amount to perjury. v^ "The state- 

 ment need not be known to be 

 false, if a person who knows 

 nothing of the matter takes it upon 

 himself to swear that it is true 



when it is not true. The statement 

 must be positive ; and as a rule 

 " I believe," or " to the best of my 

 knowledge " will protect the de- 

 ponent ; though it will not pro- 

 tect him if it is shown that he knew 

 it was not true. The matter sworn 



Periwinkle. Single flowers and glossy 



leaves of the Lesser Periwinkle, 



Vinca minor 



to must be, in some way, material 

 to a point at issue e.g. the actual 

 subject matter of the trial, or the 

 damages, or the credibility of the 

 witness. Perjury is a misdemean- 

 our, and so is subornation of 

 perjury, i.e. procuring another to 

 commit perjury. Both are punish- 

 able by fine, imprisonment, or 

 penal servitude. See Oath. 



Perkin, SIR WILLIAM HENRY 

 (1838-1907). British chemist. He 

 was born in London, March 12, 

 1838, and edu- 

 cated at the 

 City of London 

 School and the 

 Royal College 

 of Chemistry. 

 In 1856, while 

 endeavour- 

 ing to prepare 

 quinine s y n- 

 thetically, he 

 obtained a 

 beautiful mauve dye or Perkin's 

 purple, so founding the aniline dye 

 industry. Perkin devised a process 

 for making the dye-stuff alizarin 

 from anthracene, and invented 

 several other important aniline 

 dyes. He was the first to prepare 

 the perfume coumarin syntheti- 

 cally. He retired in 1873. The rest 

 of his life he devoted to physical 

 and chemical researches. Knighted 

 in 1906, he received the Davy 

 medal of the Royal Society, and 

 died July 14, 1907. See Dyes; 

 Greenford. 



Perks, SIR ROBERT WILLIAM 

 (b. 1849). British contractor. Born 

 April 24, 1849, the son of a Wes- 

 leyan minister, he was educated at 

 the Wesleyan school, Kingswood, 

 Bath, and at King's College, 

 London. Becoming a solicitor, he 



Sir W. H. Perkin, 

 British chemist 



Sir Robert Perks, 

 British contractor 



PERLIS 



entered into 

 partnership 

 with Sir H. H. 

 Fowler, after- 

 wards Lord 

 Wolverhamp- 

 ton. He be- 

 came associ- 

 ated with a 

 firm of c o n- 

 tractors, C. H. 

 Walker & Co., 

 and had a 



share in building docks at Barry, 

 Rio de Janeiro, and Buenos Aires, 

 and the Transandine Rly. In 

 1912 he left the firm of Walker 

 and became interested hi that of 

 Macarthur, Perks & Co., which was 

 responsible also for large contracts 

 in both N. and S. America. He 

 was one of the promoters of the 

 Georgian Bay canal (q.v.). Perks 

 was Liberal M.P. for the Louth 

 division of Lincolnshire, 1892- 

 1910. In 1898 he inaugurated the 

 20th century fund for raising a 

 million guineas for the Wesleyan 

 church. From 1902-6 he was 

 chairman of the Metropolitan 

 District Rly. ; in 1908 he was made 

 a baronet. 



Perleberg. Town of Prussia. 

 It stands on the Stepenitz, 6 m. 

 from Wittenberge hi the prov. of 

 Brandenburg. The town hall dates 

 from the 15th century. Industries 

 include the making of machinery 

 and soap. Pop. 9,000. 



Perley, SIR GEORGE HALSEY 

 (b. 1857) Canadian politician. 

 Born at Lebanon, New Hampshire, 

 Sept. 12, 1857, he was educated at 

 Ottawa and Harvard. In 1904 he 

 was returned to the Dominion 

 House of Commons as Conservative 

 member for Argenteuil. In 1911, 

 he joined the Conservative ministry 

 as minister 

 without port- 

 folio, and in 

 June, 1914, was 

 sent to London 

 to succeed Lord 

 Strathcona, 

 temporarily, as 

 high commis- 

 sioner. As the 

 Great War 

 broke out soon 

 after his arrival in London he re- 

 mained there throughout, becom- 

 ing minister of Overseas Militia. 

 1916. In 1914 he was knighted, and 

 in 1917 became officially high qpm- 

 missioner, resigning in 1922. 



Perlis. Most northerly of the 

 non - federated States, British 

 Malaya. British suzerainty rests 

 upon the treaty of 1909 when all 

 the rights of Siam were transferred. 

 It adjoins Kedah on the S.E., has 

 a coastline of 25 m. on the W., and 

 is elsewhere bounded by Siam. It 



Sir George Perley, 

 Canadian politician 



